Want to connect 3 points with Ethernet at moderate bandwidth (100 Mbs – 200 Mbs is fine) where one total cable length is ~150m and the second leg is ~50m. At each node I plan to have mesh Wifi routers.
More specifically, I'm running cable in a subterranean conduit that will be 90 – 100m long and a second subterranean conduit 20m long. Within the conduit I have no capability of installing any gear nor maintaining it. At conduit ends I can easily install gear (PoE repeaters, etc.) to connect the subterranean runs to interior cabling. On the interior I have some capability of compromising convenience of location of termination points vs. the connecting cable (end of subterranean conduit to interior connection point). Thus, my total (longest) run is ~150m but I could make it 10m or 20m shorter at one end or both if absolutely necessary.
Looks to me like I might get good quality Ethernet cable (5e or 6) to work if I have a PoE extender at each end of the 90-100m conduit cable. But I don't know if I can have confidence in this solution. I don't mind replacing cables and gear at the ends of this 90-100m run in the search for something that will work; but, I really don't want to try to pull a different cable from the 90-100m conduit. I'd like to get this component right the first time.
Looks to me like MoCA is an alternative. Since I have just three nodes the 3 end devices are not cost prohibitive. However, I understand that MoCA will only tolerate a 100m cable run; so, it seems to have no advantage over Ethernet cable.
Nevertheless, perhaps I'm prejudging. Perhaps one or the other is significantly more tolerant of exceeding the nominal 100m maximum length. Or, the terminating devices are more tolerant. E.g., if my Ethernet cable is rated at 100 Mbps if it loses too many packets it throttles down to 10 Mbps; really too slow to tolerate more than occasionally. Perhaps MoCA is more tolerant. Perhaps if my MoCA cable is rated at 1 Gps it will throttle down to 800 Mbps . . . 200 Mbps when it loses too many packets. If such is the case, MoCA may be practical while Ethernet is risky.
Fiber optics is the next alternative I can imagine. However, I haven't found web sites titled "Fiber optics nets for the Complete Idiot". So, I don't know what this looks like. Again, I have just 3 nodes so the cost of the equipment at each of 3 nodes isn't likely prohibitive. I just have know idea what cable and equipment to buy.
My greatest concern is whether I need a single strand of fiber optic cable or a pair of strands. The fiber I see on Amazon is a pair of fibers with a pair of connectors on each end. These connector pairs look too wide to pass through a 1-1/4 – 1-1/2 – 1-3/4" conduit. That implies that I'll have to "crimp" my own fiber optic connector(s) on one end of each cable to pass a bear fiber (pair) through my conduit. I'd rather not have to crimp my own connectors; I'd rather buy a cable a little longer than needed with connectors which is tested and certified by the manufacturer to be a good quality fiber and connectors.
For about 50m I'm running alongside conduit carrying the neighborhood power mains (240V). So, I need to avoid electromagnetic interference from that source.
One thought occurs to me. When I drag my cable I can just as well drag multiple cables simultaneously. I might buy 100m of Ethernet cable and 100m of coax and 100m of fiber. If the Ethernet cable didn't work well enough I could buy the different terminating equipment to try the MoCA technology on the coax. If that didn't work I could buy the different terminating equipment to use the fiber. Does this make any sense?
The thing I'm trying to avoid is discovering that the cable I installed can't be made to work and I need to pull it out and replace it with a different cable. The total cost of the 3 cables isn't so great that I hate to buy and install all three from the outset.
Obviously, I might try point-to-point wireless; but, since I'm installing the conduit now I'd like to try a wired solution before trying the wireless alternative.
Best Answer
The small ISP market offers many products you'll find useful for this project. These are unfamiliar to consumers because these items aren't found on the shelves of the local electronics retailer. Some of them require above-average installation or configuration skills - but as a person who confidently uses terms like Ethernet, MoCA, and PoE you'll do fine.
Long-range Ethernet: There are bridge/repeater devices available with claims of 1 Gbps line rate well beyond 100 m. For example, the Mikrotik GPeR claims up to 210 m per hop, up to 1500 m total length when multiple devices are sprinkled along the length of the line.
Coax and twisted pair: Old, existing coax and twisted pair (or newly-installed..) can be given new life with new electronics. Positron Access Solutions is one vendor selling equipment that would let you effectively set up your own DSL or cable-IP solution. I browsed one data sheet and didn't find claims as to distance, but they're marketing to multiple dwelling unit and other such installations where one would expect distances well over 100m. This is not impossibly expensive, but it does cost more than ethernet repeaters or fiber, so why do it?
Fiber: It sounds fancy, high-tech, expensive, and skills-intensive. It isn't. This is super easy and not costly. You can get pre-terminated fiber cable and pull it through the conduit. Ubiquiti sells a nice outdoor-grade 6-strand cable with LC connectors in 100, 200, 300 ft lengths (this product I've actually used several times). That might be just enough to get through the long conduit but you may have to use couplers to attach another patch cable at each end to actually reach your electronics. Or get made-to-order cable such as FS.com customized OS2 cable assembly.
With the fiber I'd suggest you use single-mode cable (OS2) with LC connectors because it's common, effectively future-proof, and plugs directly to the SFP or SFP+ (10 Gbps) adapters. To get back to Ethernet, by the way, you'd be looking for a "media converter" or else a switch or router with an SFP or SFP+ port.
In SFP modules there are two broad classes: Bi-Di (bi-directional) which use two wavelengths of light to communicate both directions over a single strand, or single-wavelength which use two strands each sending signals one direction. Bi-di cost a little more (but we're talking maybe tens of dollars difference for the FS brand). Don't worry about CWDM, DWDM, and such - those are used for getting many independent connections over a single strand of glass. A generic two-strand 1000BASE-LX or 10GBASE-LR adapter at say 1310 nm will do just fine for you, or bidi 1000BASE-BX. If you go bidi remember to get a matched set: one might transmit at 1490 and receive at 1310; the other would transmit at 1310 and receive at 1490.
If you do go with fiber get a few spare patch cables. Those will enable you to configure and test the equipment with it all sitting on one table, then carry it out into the field to plug into the long cables. It's much easier to test or troubleshoot when you can bring all the parts and interconnect them at one spot.