Can’t drill deep enough into the wall nor the ceiling; what am I doing wrong

As a remodeling contractor, I've owned both hammer drills and rotary hammers. The rotary hammers are frequently rated for drilling capacity by the diameter hole it can drill. Most homeowner chores can be accomplished by 7/8 to 1" capacity. You can drill larger holes, but at reduced speed.

There are 3 classes of SDS drills. The widest range of bits are in the "SDS plus" sizes. SDS max would be overkill.

I have and use an SDS-to-1/2 chuck adapter, which is rated for concrete drilling. I use it for the smaller sjzes only.

I would recommend getting a 3 function rotary hammer; - Drill only - Hammer only (useful with SDS chisels) and - Hammer + drill (my most used setting)

Hope you haven't done any significant damage to whatever you are hitting, and choose a different stud - or else open up the wall and look. At "1.5 to 2 inches" there's no requirement to put protective steel plates over things in the wall like wires and plumbing, so you have probably found something like that with your drill bit and very long screws.