Let's say you have a wood-framed wall with cement-based stucco cladding and it's in pretty good condition, with a few typical stucco cracks. If you wanted to seal the cracks, add another layer, and change the color, could you apply surface-bonding cement instead of a (much more expensive) additional layer of stucco?
Concrete – Can you apply surface-bonding cement over stucco as an exterior finish
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Sounds like a good idea. You will need to put a layer of roofing felt over the plywood, as stucco will absorb water. You will also need to attach the mesh with galvanized nails or lath screws so they don't corrode. There are two kinds of stucco: base coat and finish. For small jobs like this, you can probably get away with using just two layers of base coat. There are plenty resources out there on how to apply the stucco.
It sounds to me like the caulk is meant to prevent water from getting into the wall, not to prevent water from entering the electrical box. To seal the box, you'll want to use a weatherproof cover with a weatherproof gasket.
If the box is in an area protected from the weather, you can use a cover that is weatherproof when nothing is plugged in.
However, if the box is not protected, you'll want to use a cover that is weatherproof even when things are plugged in.
In my opinion, it's a good idea to use an "in-use" cover for all outdoor receptacles
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Best Answer
Yes as an exterior (no as an interior).
The general rule is that the hardest surface must face the side that water would be attacking from. If you reverse it, any water that penetrates cause a pressure build up when it meets the harder surface and cause the softer material to crack.