Concrete – replace load bearing post with steel column

Removing the vertical post and finding some other way of supporting the roof beam will be complicated, specially since there is very little space between the window top and where the roof beam enters the wall. This is where you would need to insert a cross beam or similar to support the load from the roof. Needless to say, it will not be pretty and would probably still block a large part of your existing window.

Alternatively, you could consider moving the window. There seems to be sufficient space to the left of the photo. Although it would be a bit more work, no structural elements will be compromized, and most of the covering materials taken off to make space for the window could be re-used to fill up the gap on the other side.

Studs are vertical. They are present to transfer the weight from the top plates (which are the top pieces that frame the wall) to the bottom plates, all of which then gets transferred to the next level down.

Beams and top plates are similar in function but beams carry more load over a wider span, and usually rest on either solid walls (foundation walls) or columns - which are functionally the same as studs but further apart and stronger.

The spacing of studs or columns is determined by the relative beam strength of the to span - or distance - covered by the beam.

So - upgrading the studs to 4x4 isn't necessarily enough - in fact just doing that could potentially be devastating if you widen them and the top plate is not able to handle the wider span. In all odds it WON'T be, but why take chances?

If you are going to widen the spacing of the studs, then I would recommend you basically build a door frame, where you have 2 2x6's installed vertically instead of the top plate (or under it), held up by 2 2x4s installed 20" apart.

That will more than compensate for any structural weakness otherwise created by the seemingly minor change.