I see that you posted under a carpentry tag. however, my solution would be to find a section of Aluminium Tubing, or tubing profile which fits the "gap" which you describe.
![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Nv85T.jpg)
As You can see, the example picture is a rectangular profile, which will run the entire height of the door, To fill the specified gap.
Your problem will be to attach said profile to the side of the slider. essentially the best thing would be to drill into the frame and insert pop rivets, however, there will be a glass pane on the other side of the aluminium door frame, so drilling will be difficult.
The profile below will allow you to drill your rivets on the side of the door (ie the narrow face of the sliding profile, then you can drill two holes on the top and bottom of the slider (in your photo its the side you can see.
You will then be able to mount your lock flush to the hinge door.
![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/E6TAr.png)
Above you can see what I mean. I must stress here, that you dont want to break the glass pane by drilling into the frame where there is glass.
As long as it is a solid wood door and not a veneer. Drill the proper sized pilot holes too, so the door rail does not split.
The only thing you may want to be concerned about the screws are is the one on each roller that will go into the end grain of the stile. If it was a longer screw, it would be good insurance. End grain does not hold a screw as well as the grain running perpendicular to the screw. There, a 2 1/2"-3" screw would be well placed. Running it at a slight angle help cross the grain a little too, making it grip better. That trick will not be needed on the other screw.
Best Answer
Depending on the exact sliding hardware you are using, it should be possible. Hollow core doors usually have a solid wood frame along the edges, though how far into the core this frame extends may vary.
If you are using hardware like that shown below, you would need to make sure that the brackets attached to the wheels are anchored into the solid wood frame at the edges of the door.