Since there are slight differences depending on what type of communications systems we're talking about, we'll have to look at a few different sections.

NEC 2008

Article 800 Communications Circuits

800.44 Overhead Communications Wires and Cables.
(A) On Poles and In-Span.
(4) Clearance. Supply service drops of 0–750 volts running above and parallel to communications service drops shall have a minimum separation of 300 mm (12 in.) at any point in the span, including the point of and at their attachment to the building, provided the non-grounded conductors are insulated and that a clearance of not less than 1.0 m (40 in.) is maintained between the two services at the pole.

Article 810 Radio and Television Equipment

810.13 Avoidance of Contacts with Conductors of Other Systems. Outdoor antennas and lead-in conductors from an antenna to a building shall not cross over open conductors of electric light or power circuits and shall be kept well away from all such circuits so as to avoid the possibility of accidental contact. Where proximity to open electric light or power service conductors of less than 250 volts between conductors cannot be avoided, the installation shall be such as to provide a clearance of at least 600 mm (2 ft). Where practicable, antenna conductors shall be installed so as not to cross under open electric light or power conductors.

Article 820 Community Antenna Television and Radio Distribution

820.44 Overhead Coaxial Cables.
(B) Lead-in Clearance. Lead-in or aerial-drop coaxial cables from a pole or other support, including the point of initial attachment to a building or structure, shall be kept away from electric light, power, Class 1, or non–power limited fire alarm circuit conductors so as to avoid the possibility of accidental contact.

Exception: Where proximity to electric light, power, Class 1, or non–power-limited fire alarm circuit service conductors cannot be avoided, the installation shall be such as to provide clearances of not less than 300 mm (12 in.) from light, power, Class 1, or non–power-limited fire alarm circuit service drops. The clearance requirement shall apply at all points along the drop, and it shall increase to 1.02 m (40 in.) at the pole.

Article 830 Network-Powered Broadband Communications Systems

830.44 Aerial Cables.
(C) Lead-in Clearance. Lead-in or aerial-drop network-powered broadband communications cables from a pole or other support, including the point of initial attachment to a building or structure, shall be kept away from electric light, power, Class 1, or non–power-limited fire alarm circuit conductors so as to avoid the possibility of accidental contact.

Exception: Where proximity to electric light, power, Class 1, or non–power-limited fire alarm circuit service conductors cannot be avoided, the installation shall be such as to provide clearances of not less than 300 mm (12 in.) from light, power, Class 1, or non–power-limited fire alarm circuit service drops. The clearance requirement shall apply to all points along the drop, and it shall increase to 1.02 m (40 in.) at the pole.

tl;dr.

Telephone (Communication Systems)

• 12" (300 mm) at any point of the span.
• 12" (300 mm) at the point of attachment.
• 40" (1 m) at the service pole.

Antenna (Radio and Television Equipment)

• Kept away if possible.
• Should not cross over or under.
• 2' (600 mm) if proximity can't be avoided.

Cable (Community Antenna Television and Radio Distribution)

• Kept away if possible.
• 12" (300 mm) if proximity can't be avoided.
• 40" (1.02 m) at the service pole.

Broadband (Network-Powered Broadband Communications Systems)

• Kept away if possible.
• 12" (300 mm) if proximity can't be avoided.
• 40" (1.02 m) at the service pole.

There is no minimum distance specified in the NEC. It can be as close as is physically possible given the constraints of framing, trim, etc. There's several rules about maximum distance and spacing and when to include door swings or not, and what constitutes a usable wall requiring outlets in the first place. But no minimum.

Now, conceivably, someone could interpret that since the outlet is within 6 feet of a "damp" area (patio) that it may need to be GFCI protected. I personally believe this stretching the intent of the NEC too far since the theoretical appliance in a damp area would have it's cord running through an open exterior door into a different room.

There could be other requirements by Washington state or your local jurisdiction. The NEC is mute on this matter, but you should inquire with your local building authority to be absolutely sure there are no other applicable requirements or "creative" interpretations of GFCI requirements.