Residential Kitchen
In a dwelling unit (residential), GFCI protection is only required for kitchen receptacles that serve the countertop surfaces. There's no requirement to GFCI protect receptacles that serve a refrigerator. Unless the fridge is plugged into a countertop receptacle.
National Electrical Code 2014
Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection
Article 210 Branch Circuits
I. General Provisions
210.8 Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter Protection for Personnel. Ground-fault circuit-interrupter protection for personnel shall be provided as required in 210.8(A) through (C). The ground-fault circuit-interrupter shall be installed in a readily accessible location.
(A) Dwelling Units. All 125-volt, single-phase, 15- and
20-ampere receptacles installed in the locations specified in
210.8(A)(1) through (10) shall have ground-fault circuit interrupter protection for personnel.
(6) Kitchens— where the receptacles are installed to serve the countertop surfaces.
Garages, Unfinished Basement, and Other Locations
If the refrigerator is in a garage, boathouse, or unfinished basement. All the receptacles are required to be GFCI protected, so the fridge will have to be plugged into a GFCI protected receptacle.
Why does the fridge trip the GFCI?
Any inductive load when switched off, can produce electromagnetic interference (EMI). This interference can, and often does, trip GFCI devices. Most vapor compression refrigerators have a few inductive loads, any of which could cause the trip.
Is there anything that can be done?
There are devices called snubbers that can be used to reduce, or eliminate the effects of EMI. Installing one between the fridge and the GFCI device, could prevent nuisance trips. The best solution though, is to connect the fridge to a non-GFCI protected circuit.
If that's all it takes, why isn't there already one built in?
While most (all) manufacturers are aware that refrigerators can cause nuisance tripping of GFCI devices, most (none) seem willing to provide a solution. It would be complete speculation for me to try and tell you why they don't care, so of course I'll go through a few possibilities.
- Cost.
Plain and simple, it costs money to implement a solution.
- Warranties and Operating Conditions.
Most refrigerators are designed to operate in a kitchen. Running them in dusty, dirty garages and basements could lead to more warranty covered repairs.
If you have bypassed the GFCI receptacle and still have problems, then there must be a loose connection between the GFCI and the breaker. Here are the places to look:
At the GFCI, are the wires connected by a screw, or by push-in? The push-in connections are unreliable - I have had a receptacle "fry" because of poor connections, and it was installed by an electrician. Installers like them because they are fast, but I always go with the screw connection.
At the breaker, is the breaker making good contact with the power bus? If the bus is corroded, even a new breaker might not make good contact. Try plugging the breaker into a different slot, if there is one to spare.
Also in the panel, is the neutral (white) wire screwed down tightly?
Are there any other outlets between the panel and the GFCI receptacle? If so, make sure the twist-on connectors are tight, and that the splice is not made through the receptacle.
Note that loose connections will not trip a GFCI. Neither will short-circuits between hot and neutral - they will trip the breaker in the panel. Also, nothing "upstream" will trip a GFCI. And once a GFCI is tripped, it won't reset itself.
Best Answer
They'll both trip
Both GFCIs will see the ground fault and react the same way to it, snapping off at the same time.
When you go to reset the receptacle, it will be dead. You will need to go down to the basement to reset the GFCI breaker, and then, the GFCI outlet will have a chance of being reset.
The contractor did it to correct a code violation
Bathrooms can use all sorts of outlets, but they must be GFCI protected. A GFCI breaker is a perfectly fine way to do that. However, any outlet protected by an upline device must have a sticker that says "GFCI Protected".
The home inspector came in and saw no GFCI device and no sticker, so wrote it up as a Code violation. The seller or Realtor, in a rush to get the house sold, called in a contractor and said "Fix this!"
The mortal of the story is Put stickers on your GFCI receps.
A lot of moro^Htals believe that all GFCI devices are receptacles, and when someone says GFCI they mean receptacle. So in their rush to fix it, the message got passed to the contractor "No GFCI in the bathroom, 2 receps" which the contractor took to mean "no GFCI receptacles". The contractor may not have been a qualified electrician who would have known better. Or maybe the markup was just better on 2 GFCI receps than 2 stickers.
Regardless, they have played a "Yo dawg" joke on you.