Floating commercial dance floor over concrete

I can't recommend adding a plastic moisture barrier between the pads. Really if you have moisture in the soil then it needs to work its way out. Moisture comes out of concrete all the time - we only see the worst case scenarios.

If you leave the plastic in there then the water will get trapped on the bottom slab. Very good for the short-term. Long-term though this will cause the bottom slab to decay and break down. And since you are building on this, that's not a good thing.

I usually advise in drilling down into existing concrete and installing rebar or a mesh unit to join the floors. To be honest with you I have never installed concrete on top of a floor like the one in your picture. Common sense would tell me there wouldn't be much movement... but if I was giving out a 10 year warranty with my work I would rebar.

I don't have any experience to say for sure one way or the other (except that I've not had any notable vibration problems with my front load HE washer on the first floor, which is just sheet vinyl on 3/4" plywood, near the end of the joists). But what I'd think you want is basically the same thing that that you want when you're soundproofing a floor; you don't want vibrations at the top to transmit elsewhere.

When soundproofing, what you really want is a sandwich of plywood, underlayment, plywood. So roughly what you're suggesting. Cork can work well, though rubber underlayments generally perform much better at the same thickness. You lose a lot of the benefit if you screw the top layer to the lower layer, though - you want the layers glued together, without anything hard bridging across the soft layer.