I've had some success with recovering a gummed-up brush using a paint brush comb. Soften the bristles by soaking them in thinner for a while, then use the comb to brush out loosened paint; repeat, probably several times. If the brush is really bad, you may just be better off buying a new brush.
It's hard to get a brush completely clean, so to help prevent this, I have a large glass jar with some mineral spirits in the bottom. I hang the brush from the top of the jar with wires so that the bristles are submerged (but not resting on the bottom). Seal up the jar and the brush is OK to use next time.
First I "paint out" the brush (try to paint scrap material, cardboard etc.) until the brush is too dry to paint. Then:
Latex paints
Assuming I have flowing tap water on site, I rinse the brush with lots of water, we're talking gallons. Then when most of the paint is out of it, I start working in whichever hand or dish soap is convenient, both the clean the brush, and also my hands, and also the sink. Fair play to use the brush to clean the sink. Then I thoroughly rinse all the soap out. Then I hang the brush.
Oil based (alkyd, enamel, varnish etc.)
First, do I expect to continue painting in the next few days? If so, I wrap the brush tightly in plastic, and double wrap it.
I put 10mm of paint thinner into a soup can, and momentarily dip the brush just to re-wet it, and repeat the "paint out" procedure above. Several times, until it seems like a lost cause. Then I mash the brush around in the thinner, working the thinner throughout the brush especially the heel (where the bristles go into the ferrule). You do not want paint accumulation there. If there's a safe space to splatter, I whip the brush around to use centrifugal force to throw thinner out of it.
If I want it really clean, I get a clean can and put 5mm of thinner in the bottom and repeat the above. Then I hang up the brush to dry.
2-part epoxy and urethane "paints"
I wrap the brush in plastic, and throw it in the trash.
Why? Simple rule: Don't spend $5 in thinner to clean a $3 brush. Epoxy and urethane reducers tend to cost a fortune. If you don't pay for the reducer, ask the person who does.
For throwaway brushes I like Redtree Fooler brand, they are a cut above, and sanely priced if you buy wisely.
If I expect to continue painting in the next few days, I will wrap the brush in plastic and throw it in the freezer (a dedicated fridge for this purpose).
When I say "hang the brush" I mean dangle it by its hole in the handle, on a nail, hook or wire, over somewhere where dripping won't do harm. That way the bristles dry straight.
Best Answer
The consensus of opinion on the Ultimate Handyman forum seems to be to use an old brush and throw it away after use.
A couple of alternatives are suggested:
So presumably the Hammerite product is cellulose thinners based.
and
Which is something I do overnight (or a couple of days at most) when using gloss paint. It does keep the bristles soft for a while so saves on white spirit and having to find a clean brush for the next coat.