A drill came with these parts. I've tried searching for them but I don't know what keywords to use.
They are each a bit longer than an inch.
Drill – Identifying Inch-Long Block and Spring Part with Drill
drillelectric motor
Related Solutions
Buy a self centering dowel drilling jig. Lee Valley has them, as will virtually all wood working supply sources, Rockler, for example.
The jig clamps to the end of your board, and then you drill through a hardened drill guide into the board, using a hand drill. These dowel jigs used to be much more common in the days before biscuits, pocket screws, etc.
Update 5/12/2013
While my jig below does work, this product is even better!
Big Gator Tools V-DrillGuide Standard Size Portable Drilling Guide
Original Answer
I am answering my own question here with an awesome, home-grown solution to my problem. I fastened two pieces of wood together at a 90 degree angle. Corner clamps made it easy to get it perfect. I then took a third piece of wood and cut a 45 degree bevel off the corner. This piece is my drill bit adapter that fits a number of larger-sized drill bits, but was made with my 3/8" bit in mind. I also made another for smaller sizes (not shown).
To hold the adapter firmly in place and tight against the bit, I use one of my smaller c-clamps. Using this custom guide, I was able to drill a near-perfect hole into the subject. I also used another similar custom assembly that works with a plug cutter bit for my power drill.
No expensive equipment required!
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Best Answer
Those are replacement brushes for the electric motor in your drill. They are what make the electrical contact to the coil in the motor that spins, while also allowing it to spin. The rectangular part on the end will eventually wear out. It's nice of your drill manufacturer to give you a set of spares.
You can swap these out either by removing a couple of plugs somewhere on the drill body, or if there are no plugs, you'd have to remove the drill's case and get to them that way. The plugs are usually round and have a slot for a screwdriver, they simply unscrew to expose the brush.
If this is a new drill, this should be explained in the instruction manual.