Is this grounded? If not, how to fix it

electrical

We just bought a new house and I’m no electrician but I can tell the wiring is a mess, particularly in the basement. There’s a few lights plugged into a power strip that’s plugged into a power adapter screwed into a light socket. I was reading this answer: https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/63890/how-much-can-i-safely-plug-into-a-light-socket-converted-to-a-standard-outlet
And it seems like an easy solution may be swapping the light socket for one with a built in power socket, but it seems like that needs a ground wire.
Does this have one?enter image description here

To my uneducated eye it seems like it’s not. Is that easy to fix?

Edit:

Added videos of the rest of the wiring in the basement (instead of schematics with terrible drawing skills)

Video 1
Video 2

Edit 2, to provide more info

Photo of the breaker box:
enter image description here

To answer @P2000's question: I can't EASILY from the unfinished side to the breaker panel through the joist space above ceiling in the tv room. I'm sure its possible, but may require cutting holes, etc..

Best Answer

Short-term easiest solution - replace the breaker with a GFCI breaker, (usually costs more - also requires working in the box, which you might not be comfortable with) or add a GFCI receptacle in a (new) box near the lamp. Then your downstream receptacles are at least GFCI protected (and should be marked as such)

Since (2014?) you can run a separate ground wire per NEC rules, if replacing the cable is not practical.