I tried searching for literature on this using various search terms on google scholar but couldn't get anything substantial. I'm particularly interested in how adversely the AC compressor is affected by frequent switching on-off and how its efficiency is affected. Is there any additional conventional wisdom you could enlighten me with? Thank you for the help.
Literature on effect of frequent switching on-off of air conditioner on compressor
compressorenergy efficiencyhvac
Related Solutions
The compressor noise in your video is not normal.
Some of the possibilities for this noise are:
Non-Condensables
Things that can't condense, such as moisture, ambient air, etc. can make a compressor chatter like that because it is trying to compress something that doesn't want to compress.
Ask an HVAC Technician to recover, evacuate, and recharge your unit to eliminate the chances of non-condensables being present in the system. Refrigerant filter installation would also help.
Compressor Bearings
Sometimes compressors aren't pre-charged with oil from the factory. That could an oversight on the manufacturer, or the contractor that did the installation. Most mini-splits however do come pre-charged with oil. What could also be a problem, is oil from your compressor has pumped itself throughout the system, and hasn't been able to return to the compressor.
This can be eliminated depending on how the line set is installed. Creating oil-traps is typically the best way to go - it prevents the oil from leaving the compressor. But there should only be one oil trap close to the unit in the line set. Additional traps throughout the system will trap oil and prevent it from going back into the system.
Oil is integral for keeping the bearings lubricated and from overheating. Friction will warp the bearings, and cause the spin of the compressor to make loud noises.
Non-Level Installation
If the outdoor unit is not installed level, then the compressor could be spinning on an uneven axis. This could also create noise, and will eventually warp bearings (if it is a compressor that has them) which creates even more noise.
High Amperage
Check the amperage of the power going into the compressor - not the entire unit. Make sure that it matches its amp rating. If it is too high, then it can start making noise because a by-product of electricity is heat. Heat causes metal expansion internally and can increase friction of delicate parts within the compressor - creating noise - warping bearings - etc.
The moisture on your line set is normal.
As was mentioned in comments, this is natural. In the HVAC industry, we call it "sweat back." Meaning, you have heat transfer happening - it's doing its job. This is no different than setting a cold can of Coke onto the table, and seeing the condensation build up on the outside of the can.
If you don't like to see the drips, then installing more insulation (Armor Flex is a common term) on your line set will help a lot. Some technicians will even try to cover the service ports. Moisture will attract dirt. Dirt is an inconvenience on the service ports and if not removed prior to hooking up manifold gauges, can clog the gauges themselves.
Something else to consider is Slim Duct or SpeediChannel (those are brand names) but it protects your entire line set from the environment (and other mischievous creatures such as rodents and people). Here is an example:
It also has an aesthetic quality - it looks better on the outside of your home and can even be painted to match the color of your home.
I am not a HVAC tech but I do believe that is a high pressure switch that is tripping and there could be a couple of things going on with your unit. It is tripping to protect the compressor and fan from faulting. I would suggest calling a HVAC company to come take a look.
Best Answer
Bottom line; reducing run time will save money and energy. There is nothing wrong with using an occupancy sensor to control whether the A/C can run. If you think about how often a compressor cycles on and off while in use, shutting down when no one is present obviously will REDUCE cycles. As for lack of dehumidification, that is usually only a concern when units are oversized and can not run long enough before reaching temperature set point to remove adequate moisture from the ambient air. Having an unoccupied mode, on the other hand, allows room temperatures to elevate, and thereby necessitating longer recovery run times and actually improving humidity control. Go for it!