I have a steep tree and grass covered back yard where rain water flows down during storms. This exits through the garage but is causing soil erosion. I too would like to know what sort of professional to consult about a diy drainage plan.
More backyard drainage problems.
drainageplanning
Related Solutions
As others have suggested, a good excavator or even a landscape contractor might be able to find relatively simple ways to alter the landscape of your yard so that water will naturally flow away from the home.
Civil engineer would be your best bet but they are also expensive enough that I see them as the last ditch effort if other measures have been failing. Typically experienced landscape contractors or excavators can figure out where the water is flowing during a rainstorm and divert it away from the house with a bit of digging.
French Drains
While water may not be seeping into your foundation right now, having all of that water pool next to the house is inviting problems. Reagrdless of landscaping, it is a good idea to install french drains around the perimeter of your house if you know that rain water is inevitably flowing towards your home.
The following image is a typical installation. The drain itself is typically a trench running a couple of feet typically from the house and going down below the frost line. You want the drain pipe to be deep enough that it will be below the frost line so that water flowing inside the pipe will not freeze and crack it. The frost line differs by region, obviously colder climates have a deeper frost line.
The holes allow water to flow down or up into the pipe, while the pipe running at a slight downward slope will take the water and flow it away from the house in another direction. It typically sits on a thin bed of gravel and the trench is filled with gravel rather than soil as water will more easily flow down through to the drain pipe if the trench is filled with gravel rather than soil. Soil will also potentially clog the drain making it ineffective. For aesthetic reasons, sod can be placed over top or you can do something clever like make a rock garden.
If you are a masochist and thoroughly enjoy pain, then you can grab a shovel and dig the trench, but for those of us who are lazy and like excuses to play with complicated equipment, you can rent a backhoe for a day and turn a week long digging job into a 2 hour weekend job. When digging however, be extremely careful about the location of underground utilities:
Water lines
Gas lines
Sewer lines
Electrical conduit
Cable and telephone lines.
Make sure to identify where these come into the house and approximate their location and depth in relation to where you intend to dig your trench. If any of them are close then it is probably best to call a professional just to be safe.
Gutters and Downspouts
Another possiblity could simply be that your gutter downspouts are draining too close to the house, or are draining into storm drains that have become clogged.
The following is an example of a downspout draining too close to the foundation.
Many times this can be fixed rather easily, by extending the downspout horizontally away from the house, or channelling it far enough away that it has somewhere to flow other than down your foundation walls. Check out your local hardware store because there is a number of ways to effectively and cheaply handle this.
Also it is a good idea to check your gutters regularly for clogs. A clog can prevent water from flowing from your gutters to your downspouts, causing it to pour over the edge or sometimes down the side of the house. This is also something to check for.
Downspouts can also sometimes flow into an underground drain, which can sometimes be the source of the problem. This drain typically will be a storm drain that flows away from the house or to a public storm drain. These can sometimes become clogged causing water to not flow properly away from the house. Most landscape contractors can easily help unclog such drains if you suspect that this might be the case.
This should give you some ideas of things to look into or try before contacting a civil engineer, as the fix might be more manageable and less complicated than you think. And as far as a sinkhole swallowing your house, I have only ever heard of that happening because of a house sitting on top of a collapsed coal mine. If you live in a heavily mined area then your municipality probably has maps that will show whether your house sits overtop of an old mine. I wouldn't personally worry about this. The cracks in your foundation might be from the ground settling or moving slightly from excessive soil saturation.
Your eavestroughs (or gutters, in some parts of the world) collect the rain from your roof and direct it through a downspout to the ground level. It sounds like you have concrete splash blocks below your downspouts - like this:
(Besides preventing soil erosion, the splash blocks keep the dirt from splashing up on your house.)
Drainage is easy - water goes downhill. Just make sure you have a constant downhill path for the water to flow and you're golden. It won't go uphill into a raised planter, unless you have some special capillary mat or plans with long roots. Plantings are good to slow down the flow of water and also absorb it.
You could put any old soil in to fill in the erosion. If you don't have a splashblock, then you should get some -- flat rocks will work also and are often more aesthetically pleasing.
I agree that rain barrels are unsightly, so don't really like them myself. I once put in a french drain, but that was a lot of work. (Dug a trench, put in geotextile, then some gravel on top of the fabric, then 4" weeping tile, then some more gravel, covered the geotextile over top, then backfilled. The geotextile fabric is to prevent dirt from washing into the gravel and eventually blocking it from working effectively for drainage.)
Best Answer
It depends on your own expertise. Landscape architects specialize in designing outdoor spaces including storm water management. However they're not regulated equally well in all states and are a design professional so you may have to shop around a bit to find one you work well with. A good one can give you a complete plan that's going to be attractive and not lower the value of your home. They may also have existing relationships with reputable contractors if the work needed is beyond you.
Civil engineers are experts in drainage, and they're tightly regulated everywhere. They're the go to resource for technical questions about how much water to expect in the usual and worst cases and sizing drains, dry wells, etc. Don't expect detailed information on which plants prevent erosion and attract birds or if a giant gravel-filled trench will look ugly.
Basically it boils down to your own design sense and familiarity with the subject. A landscape architect can provide more hand holding, an engineer can provide more detailed answers to specific questions.
It is slightly alarming that your garage is involved though. The civil engineer is a safer bet if there's a possibility of the garage's stability being compromised.