Of course you can. Future owners of the house will swear at you to no end, but that's their problem, right? ;)
There are two critical steps in prepping kitchen walls.
Clean and degloss
Cleaning is critical: TSP or TSP substitute.
Deglossing: either light sanding (120 grit) or a chemical deglosser
Once a surface is deglossed, it should be primed, especially if going from one paint type to another.
A deglossed oil undercoat can be primed with a latex primer. Either oil or latex can then be used as a topcoat.
A deglossed oil undercoat can be primed with a oil primer. Either oil or latex can then be used as a topcoat.
It is better to stick within families of paint types, if you can, but going back and forth between types is possible with primers.
At this stage in coating, I'd let everything dry for a week, then sand lightly. If the previous layers are adhering, then proceed with latex primer, latex topcoat.
If,, however, they are sloughing or chipping or you can easily pull a layer off if you leave painters tape on overnight (and then pull it off), then you must sand down to the last well adhered layer and then repaint. Good luck.
Best Answer
I have done some of this same work. I have heard that glue residue can mess up the paint finish over time, so I wanted to make sure that was taken into account when selecting a primer.
I called the Killz company (Killz.com) because that's the brand that's easiest to find in my area and I have used their products in the past with good results.
Their tech support told me that Killz Klear (or Killz Klear Max) is the best product for covering up adhesive residue. The rep also said that Klear is good for chalky surfaces in general, so it sounds like it's a good choice on unpainted plaster even if you do manage to remove all the adhesive.
The Killz Klear is water based and should only be used with latex paints.