outdoorreceptacle
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This style center screw extends into the outlet: it's possible both parts need replacing. Pull on the cover to add tension when removing the stripped screw.
Turn off the juice before taking the cover off.
Your new 'in service' cover comes with a foam gasket: do not use caulk.
Your existing box is probably fine, but when things are open evaluate if caulking is needed around the box (not the cover, the wall box).
But this is outdoors, right? That outlet should be 'GFCI' protected. And for that I recommend you hire a professional, or find a handy neighbor/friend/relative. Typically a GFCI outlet is placed right in the box, and it uses one large square opening, not the style shown in the picture. Other configurations are possible.
I ended up getting an outdoor extension cord for this.
The cord is used for stuff like powering Christmas decorations and the like, and has a cover to shield the outlets from the elements.
Best Answer
Weatherproof extension ring is the part you’re looking for.
They are available in various forms, make certain the model you choose has knockouts.
Sleeve the UF cable in PVC conduit to get it from that point to underground. Since your box is horizontal mount you’ll need an LL or LR or 90 to get from the knockout down into the ground.