To my ear, your examples are marginally grammatical, at best.
It would be more idiomatic to say it this way:
I have books as good as yours.
The jobs are not as glamorous as people think.
They're not as glamorous as people think. strike "jobs"
They're not as glamorous, as jobs go, as people think.
The pattern is as {modifier} as.
Even the first sentence, which a percentage of native speakers would say, strikes other speakers as marginal.
I have as good a voice as you. I have as good a voice as you do. He has as good a voice as her.
I have a voice as good as yours. He has a voice as good as hers.
This is a tricky one. Both can be used, however preceding words may need to be edited in order for it to sound natural.
For example, in your first sentence, the simplest way would be to say:
I need to learn from past experience (no s)
While not sounding quite as natural, this also works:
I need to learn from past experiences
The way to make it the most natural sounding would probably be to say:
I need to learn from my past experiences
In most cases, both will work. Adding in the my beforehand (when they are your own experiences), makes it sound even more natural, particularly when linked with the plural.
I will quickly run through what sounds the most natural for the rest of the examples you provided:
Does past experience increase empathy?
You had this one perfect, plural would also work here but Does would have to be replaced with Do, both sound equally natural
Similar past experiences can both help and hinder our understand of others.
Again, perfect, but this one doesn't sound natural without a plural, so keep it as is.
How not to describe your past work experience in a job interview.
This sounds more like a title to a book or article, and probably wouldn't fit in to a paragraph. However, it does sound natural in that context. This is also grammatically correct with a plural, but doesn't sound quite as natural.
Best Answer
The entry for experience in the Cambridge Dictionary contains two definitions:
The first one is the kind of experience that relates to work. There is a [U] next to this entry: this indicates that is uncountable. Uncountable nouns like sugar and peace do not have a plural.
The second meaning relates to things that happen to you. There is a [C] next to it: this indicates that it is countable, so you can have many experiences of this kind.
Because you are using the word relating to work experience, it is uncountable, so you should not use a plural.