Learn English – A word for the result of a work

The idiomatic expression used for cases like that is bite your tongue, which means to stop yourself from saying something that might upset somebody or cause an argument, although you want to speak.

I was going to tell her the truth, but I bit my tongue.

Choke could be used if you meant to be unable to speak normally especially because of strong emotion. It would not mean somebody avoided saying something he was going to say.

If you check the definitions of distinguish, the meaning varies depending on the statement.

In the case of:

1) to separate or mark off by differences; perceive or show the difference in; differentiate

When you write:

I can't distinguish the mountain you climbed in this picture.

I expect to read "distinguish between (something) and (something else)".

I can't distinguish between the mountain you climbed in this picture and the one I visited last year.

In the case of:

3) to perceive clearly; recognize plainly by any of the senses

When you write:

This tree distinguishes the mountain we climbed in this picture.

if the tree was iconic so that when you saw it you knew where it was, then this usage is OK.

I guess this one applies to your example, without additional context.

Your understanding of identify is correct.