Learn English – Asking about future events

As commented by Catija, the first three sentences are perfectly OK and as to the last one, the simple present tense is actually the correct usage.

According to grammar, when you are talking about the future, you should use the present simple in the time (when) clause, not a future form. For example, I'll come when I finish my work. So the correct sentence is:

I want to spend a year travelling when I finish university.

(Reference: The Free Dictionary - the use of "when").

You are wrong to think that a native English speaker would probably understand She will be loved as She has a strong desire to be loved or She wants to be loved.

The German equivalent of the English She will be loved is Sie wird geliebt werden, not Sie will geliebt werden.

In most cases the German verb wollen (ich will, er will, wir wollen, etc) would be translated into English as want (I want, he wants, we want).

However, it is possible to interpret will in certain questions as shading more towards want or desire than towards a future action. For example:

Will you stay for dinner?

The will in negative constructions such as She won't tell me would normally be interpreted as a refusal rather than as a predicted (non-)action.

Furthermore, will can also refer to the present (habitual) in constructions such as:

She will keep phoning me in the middle of the night.

And will can be used to express probability or certainty in constructions such as:

That'll be the postman! (on hearing a knock on the door)

A good pedagogical grammar book such as Swan's Practical English Usage will help you understand the various uses of the English modal will.