Learn English – (at/in/on) (-/a/the) restaurant

The preposition within has nothing to do with the ordinary sense of the preposition with = “accompanying, alongside, by means of, etc.”. Within means “inside” in spatial, temporal and figurative senses.

The hoard was discovered deep within the mound.
You must respond to this communication within thirty days.
They are within their rights in refusing to be interviewed.

Consequently, within is not a valid translation of German in in this context. However, English does support both German uses: you may use either with for mit or in for in.

With this option ...
In this option ...

• HISTORICAL NOTE, for those who wonder why the compound with + in has this meaning:

  Old English wið (cognate with German wider) originally meant “against, by, back from”, and the modern sense of with was expressed by mid (cognate with German mit). In the later part of the Old English period, however, northeast England was occupied and to some extent settled by speakers of Old Norse dialects, and over the next centuries (down into the Middle English period) many Old Norse words replaced the corresponding Old English words. For instance, they and are are of ON origin. Old Norse við, a cognate of with and wider, had approximately the sense of mid and mit, and under its influence, with shifted to the modern sense. However, the old sense lingered in established compounds such as withstand (stand against), withhold (hold from), withdraw (draw away from)—and within (against or by the inside).

Throughout is used with

• states which are constantly present and
• events which occur repeatedly and frequently

during the entirety of the period.

During may be used the same way (I just did!), but it does not necessarily imply constant occurrence; it may be used with single or relatively rare events and states which occur at some point in the period.

Throughout his visit to Scotland George travelled by bus.
During his visit to Scotland Harry travelled by bus only twice.

Note that both Throughout and during are generally used with specific timeframes: "Throughout the 19th century", "During my vacation". If you mean merely that something happens during/throughout any stretch of time, use over time.

Over time you may come to realize that plagiarism is increasing.
You may come to realize that plagiarism is increasing over time.

Note that where you put the phrase determines what it modifies. In the first it modifies You may come to realize; in the second it modifies plagiarism is increasing.