On #1, I'd say you hit the nail on the head. The only other way to take it is that all three are nominated this year, and that her nomination was announced last of the three. But this is farfetched (clearly, nominating a woman for this award is rare—how much more rare would be three at once?!) More likely a reader would think #1 to be a misrendering of one of the other sentences.
On #2 I agree with you. Her nomination was clearly in the past, and one infers that the award was already given as well, and if so, that she probably didn't win it, but you can't be sure of either without further context. One might guess that if she had won, they would have said so; but with only this one sentence out of context, you can't be sure.
In #3 you mistakenly interpreted the infinitive as somehow referring to the future, and deduced that the nomination is not yet known by others. To say simply "she is to be nominated" would imply this, but to say "the third woman to be nominated" implies that she, along with those other two previous woman nominees, is actually known to be nominated. (See discussion at #5 below)
Number 4 is quite similar to #2, but I would say that the "to have been" more strongly conveys the impression that the award has already been given. Still not a certainty, but a bit more likely in #4.
In #5, one might conjecture that she is dead, but I only take the "was" to mean that she was nominated in some prior year (unless the sentence is from an obituary!) There might or might not have been a fourth woman nominated since then. And strictly speaking, if she "was" third, she is and always will be the third, but the use of "was" might only be to confirm that the nomination was in the past, not that she is in the past (dead).
As for your other interpretation of #5, at first I could not see how you came to the conjecture thst she was NOT nominated, when the sentence clearly says that she was. But then I realized that you might have read some conditional (counterfactual) meaning into the apparent construction "was....... to have been nominated". This interpretation is only plausible if the "was" were adjacent to the "to have been nominated". Putting "the third woman" between them makes this reading impossible; "to have been nominated" modifies HER, it does not connect with "was". That is, she was a {woman to have been nominated}, or, more simply, a {woman who was nominated}, that is, a nominated woman.
If she had been expected to be nominated, but was not, one would express it this way:
"HAD SHE BEEN nominated, she WOULD HAVE BEEN only the third woman... [to be nominated]"
Best Answer
1. What does 'You are the man!' truly mean?
When
You the man!oryou da manis used as an idiom what the Cambridge dictionary says is correct. If you are intending on using the idiom, leave out theare.The Cambridge Dictionary puts it well, but is perhaps a bit too general:
The word praise is too general in my opinion. This idiom is used often to congratulate or thank someone someone for being skilled or doing something well immediately after they have done it.
What does it truly mean? It's all down to context and how it's used. In some cases it might be used to congratulate or thank someone for their excellence, or to express more general praise. I think the most important part of the phrase is the definite article 'the'. It is saying that:
As distinct from all the other men. Some might say that it is similar or the same as saying:
2/3. Can it be used for a woman, can we say 'she is the man'?
In my opinion, no, because it is a gender specific idiom. Using it in reference to a woman may suggest that a woman can only be the best if she is a man. Women may find that offensive.