In American English, no, you cannot call typical weekends and typical days off "holidays".
holiday
a day for celebration when many people are allowed to stay away from work or school:
a national holiday
For example,
Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a public holiday celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States.
You can say holiday weekend, but this refers to weekends that coincide with an actual holiday, like Christmas Day Sunday, December 25, 2016. Holiday weekend also means a weekend that is preceded or followed by a holiday. An example is November 26-27, 2016. This holiday weekend follows Thanksgiving Day Thursday, November 24, 2016. This is often called a long weekend, since many people don't work on that Thursday and they take that following Friday off to have a four-day weekend.
In American English, when talking about days off, you wouldn't ask your friend "Are your holidays Wednesdays and Thursdays?", or "When are your holidays?", for example. Roughly, the first one asks "Are Wednesdays and Thursdays days for celebration?" and the second one asks "When are your days for celebration?" Instead, you could ask
- What/when are your days off?
- What/when are your off days?
- What days are you off?
When are you off? could work, but it has to be clear that you are talking about days. Otherwise, it could be interpreted as a question about the time that the person ends work. For example, When are you off? I'm off at 3pm. "What days are your off days?" works too.
You mentioned "what days are your weekend?" This question makes sense if it is understood from context that someone does not have a typical work or school week. So if you know your friend works on Saturday and Sunday (the assumed weekend), then you could ask "what days are your weekend?", "what's your weekend?", "when's your weekend?", "when does your weekend start?", etc. However, this usage is unusual, so I don't encourage it.
The entire thing is called a cartridge or a round. For example,
The 1920s are long gone but the performance of the .38 Super still holds up, delivering more speed than other handgun cartridges...
Military 7.62 NATO ammo used to sell for $0.015 per round...
They are not particularly technical terms and are certainly used in day-to-day conversation by people who care about precision. They are definitely the correct, unambiguous terms to use. But other people have said, laypeople often use the term bullet to refer to the entire thing, although technically the bullet is only part 1 in the diagram, as you found.
Cartridge round seems to be mostly an older term and is not really used much anymore, and it sounds very "wordy". Round of ammunition cartridge just sounds plain wrong. The only place you might see that is in a technical description like "...the trainees were issued the one round of ammunition, Cartridge, Rifle, Cal. .30, AntiPersonnel, w/168 grain projectile...", but that's a very wordy, precise, military-style description that essentially says "a round of ammunition, of the style cartridge, of the caliber 0.30 inches, etc."
Best Answer
My answer is no, there is no established, concise term for the situation you describe.
If you said my group went on a weekend retreat at ABC Country Lodge, you are more than likely going to be asked to clarify the meaning of retreat. Like, a retreat, huh? What kind of retreat or what was the retreat about or what was the purpose of the retreat? This is because retreat has the meaning of a group of people, often a specific group, attending a specially organized weekend ordered around a specific topic in order to do or study or attend talks and/or meditate on that topic. Such a retreat does not even need to be held in the countryside, it could be held at a meeting center downtown.
Oddly, the phrase "retreat weekend" does not seem to carry with it all the garbage, er connotations, that weekend retreat does.
And a getaway does not necessarily mean a getaway into the countryside. There are people who relax better in the city, or at least in a crowded urban amusement park. And plenty of weekend getaways are made to Las Vegas.
I stand by my comment that was meant to imply that every native speaker in the USA would know (in general if not in detail, as in did you play horseshoes, Frisbee golf, bicycle, fish, etc.) what you meant if you said, my family or group spent a weekend in the countryside.
However, as that is not concise, you could just 'invent' a term for your minutes and say a countryside weekend. Or use the original foreign language phrase. It's your minutes, after all, and foreign terms are adopted when native terns aren't ready-enough synonyms. But the more I look at countryside weekend the more I like it. And 'retreat weekend' is also good.