Learn English – Confusion about the right verb to use with ‘if’ and ‘would’

English does not have a subjunctive mood, nor a conditional mood.
Despite what you may have been told in school; if you've been misled, I'm sorry about that.

English does have a lot of modal auxiliaries, some of which have meanings (but not grammar)
that reminds scholars of some of the uses of subjunctive and conditional moods in
languages that have them, like Latin or Sanskrit.

But there is no subjunctive, no conditional, and no future tense in English. The constructions that are sometimes given these names are all uses of modal auxiliary verbs, with syntax to match.

This has been explained over and over again, but it's always surprising the first time.

Here are some answers to questions about the so-called "subjunctive" in English.
As you can see, it doesn't work quite the way you have been taught.

Both of your first pair are hypothetical. The use of "worked" in the second is NOT past tense, which is made obvious by the use of "would" in the clause that follows. There is only a slight difference. Some ( including me) would claim that the first one, using "if you were" implied more uncertainty than the second.

In your second pair, using "one day" emphasizes the uncertainty of the hypothetical event, so there is even less difference between using "were to get" and "got" (although "get" might work a bit better than "got").

You are correct that your example about hair falling out is not correct usage of "were to". This is because you used "were" in the subordinate clause as well as in the conditional. In that sentence, substitute "I would get back" for "I were to get back"