I've actually profitably made heavy use of the phrase "friendly reminder" in email and text. As in:
Friendly reminder: your appointment with me is at 4pm this afternoon.
or
Just a friendly reminder, your appointment with me is at 4pm this afternoon.
The other thing you can do, which I also do, is to skip the preamble about how they might have forgotten, and simply reiterate the information they might have forgotten -- or otherwise slip it into the conversation:
I look forward to seeing you at our 4pm appointment later today.
A related trick is to include a reminder, clarification or request about something else entirely which happens to include the stealth reminder for what you're really concerned about:
I wanted to let you know, the ceiling projector is out of order in the room in which we're meeting today at 4pm. I thought I should mention in case you were planning on using it.
Hey, would you happen to have some spare dry erase markers you could bring to our 4pm meeting today? The conference room was out when I was there earlier.
Another trick, one which I don't use personally, but have seen others use, is to pretend one might have forgotten, oneself, and ask the party you suspect of forgetting for confirmation:
I'm sorry to bother you, but I think I may have written our appointment time down wrong. When did we agree to meet?
Yet another approach I use with my sometimes flaky boss, regarding our 1-on-1 meetings, is to ask, as if no commitment had been made, whether something is true (typically via SMS which is the only way to get him when he's in other meetings):
Are we meeting at 4pm today?
The nice thing about this approach is it lets him save face if he forgot and made other plans: he can just write back "No, not this week" or "No, I have to debargle the overthrusters" or "No, let's meet next week". He doesn't have to admit he forgot. Also, it doesn't make me look like I'm nagging him, the way sending reminders might.
Make way sounds archaic, I wouldn't expect it in ordinary speech, only in historical/pseudohistorical contexts or in regard to royalty (in case it matters, I speak American English). The rest of these are pretty much synonymous, if differing in politeness. These are pretty polite:
- Excuse me, could (or can) I get by you?
- Could you please let me pass (or past)?
- Excuse me
- Could (or can) I get by you?
While there are somewhat rude, especially without a please at the end:
- Let me by
- Let me pass (or past)
I use excuse me most often out of these, when passing by a person or through a crowd of people, sometimes coupled with a sorry for inconveniencing them (however slightly).
You could add please to the end of any of these to raise the politeness a bit. Adding a thanks after someone moves for you would be appropriate, too. Excuse me can mean many things, but in this context, it's usually clear.
Best Answer
On my polite-o-meter, the two sentences score very close: "Could you help me, please?", "Could you please help me?". The former sounds more formal. Use whichever one you want and you'll be more polite than most people.
The following data is a very rough indication that "please-on-the-end" might be more common: 1
Google Search "Could you help me*please": 40,000,000 results.
Google Search "Could you please help me*": 11,000,000 results.
1 Google results may not be accurate at all. I will be reviewing this. Another answer suggests a different result.
Sentence structure has an impact on information emphasis:
Sentence length tends to require "please" to be moved to the beginning. Consider the following: "Could you help me find my light-brown work shoes that I just bought, please?" "Could you please help me find my light-brown work shoes that I just bought?" The latter introduces politeness earlier while also focusing the sentence on the important information.
Other answers in this thread provide great analyses on formality and urgency. But length-of-sentence can be an opposing force. While "please" tends to be more formal and polite at the end of sentences, a longer sentence may be more natural sounding with "please" moved closer to the beginning. For more information, see Google Search: sentence information, clarity, and focus.
How to learn all of this?