Learn English – follows by – follows from

SHORT ANSWER:
From here is formally incorrect. What NPR should have said is:

... she robs that child of the ability to feel good ...

LONG ANSWER:
Rob is an odd fish; it ordinarily takes at most one complement, but that complement may be either of two entities.

In its oldest (and still primary) sense, it means “deprive someone unlawfully”, and its complement is the victim—the person or institution against whom the offense is committed:

Dick Turpin and ‘Captain’ Tom King robbed virtually everyone who passed their hiding place.
Willie Sutton robbed banks “because that’s where the money is”.

In this sense, the goods taken are expressed in a preposition phrase headed by of:

Footpads robbed him of £24 and his watch.

Quite early, however (OED 1’ earliest citation is 1377), the word was occasionally extended to the sense “take by robbery”, with the complement expressing the goods taken. In this case the victim is expressed in a preposition phrase headed by from:

The gang robbed more than a thousand dollars from passers-by.

But this use has never been common, and it should certainly be avoided in formal contexts.

However, rob may also be used intransitively with the meaning “commit the offense of robbery”, and in this sense the from clause to express the victim is proper:

He robbed from the rich and gave to the poor.

"From mingle to single" and "from single to mingle" are playful expressions, a kind of word-play. The grammar is incorrect but people forgive it and play along because of the rhyme and because of the nice contrast between the meanings of "mingle" and "single".

The words

The primary sense of single is "just one" or "alone". Socially, a "single" person is someone who is unmarried or not in a committed romantic relationship.

Mingling is talking with other people, especially people you don't already know, usually at social events like parties. "Please excuse me, I must go and mingle" is a polite way to leave a conversation with one group of people, in order to go talk with other guests at the same party. The primary meaning of "mingle" is physical: it means to mix substances together, producing a new substance composed of both: the OED mentions "crushed pearls mingled with ambergris". A common expression is to say that two rivers "co-mingle" where they meet. "Mingle" is a synonym for "mix", with a stronger suggestion of combining into something new. The word "mix" is often used to describe pleasant social interaction with a variety of people at a party, just like "mingle".

"Mingle" is primarily a verb, though it can be used (unusually) as a noun, as in "I'll go and have a mingle". "Single" is an adjective, though it can also be used as a noun: "a singles party" is a party where single people can meet and mingle.

The phrase

The phrase go from X to Y is a common expression, meaning to move from one place to another, as in "go from home to school", or to transform from one state to another, as in "go from hot to cold" or "go from zero to hero". In "go from hot to cold", the X and the Y are both adjectives. In "go from zero to hero", the X and Y are both nouns.

Since this phrase describes a transition, usually the "from" comes first, because it describes the earlier place or state. However, you can say "to school from home" or "to cold from hot" if you want to give extra emphasis to the new state.

The reason "from single to mingle" is incorrect is because neither the noun nor the adjective interpretations of "mingle" and "single" make sense. As a noun, "mingle" means the action of mingling, but a "single" is a single person. An action can't transform into a person; an action might cause a person to transform, but that's different. And normally, if you meant the action, you would use gerunds, like this: "from mingling to being single". In "from mingle to single", "single" is clearly meant as an adjective, but "mingle" has no prior use as an adjective, so it doesn't make literal sense here.

So, "from single to mingle" is literally nonsense, but because of the rhyme and the fact that mingling is what single people usually do in order to find a mate (in American and British cultures), people understand the phrase as a playful figure of speech.*

The meaning

Neither of these phrases means "going to get married".

She went from mingle to single.

means that she stopped mingling and became satisfied with being single. This blog post says "It doesn't mean that I don't mingle with guys anymore but the fact that I stopped entertaining guys for being more than friends." If you spelled it out with correct grammar, the sentence would be "She stopped mingling and chose to remain single."

He's going from single to mingle.

means that he's been keeping to himself, but now he's starting to mingle. Mingling might lead to getting married, but mingling is no guarantee of getting married. If you rewrote the sentence literally and with correct grammar, it would be "He's going to stop keeping to himself and start mingling." Because "single" occurs with "from", though, and "go from X to Y" means to make a transition from one state to a different state, there is a clear suggestion that he intends to stop being single—that is, to enter into a committed romantic relationship, probably marriage.

Bending the grammar too far

Note that in "from single to mingle", to mingle is not heard as an infinitive, but it is heard as an infinitive in "starting to mingle". This is because the familiar phrase "from X to Y" is strong and distinctive, and overpowers the "to infinitive" construction, which most commonly occurs when it's introduced by another word to make some other familiar phrase, like "start to X", "want to X", "going to X", etc.

Because "from X to Y" is the usual way to describe this kind of transition, not "to Y from X," the word-play is easier to play along with in "from single to mingle" than in "to mingle from single". The ungrammaticality of "to mingle from single" is harder to ignore. It sounds a little like an attempt to form an infinitive phrase like "to mingle with artsy people", but "to mingle from single" doesn't make sense when heard that way—or at least, it requires bending English grammar to the breaking point.

In "He is going to mingle from single", a person recognizes the familiar phase "going to infinitive", as in "I'm going to mingle", before they hear "to mingle from single". So, this phrase bends ordinary grammar so far that it's hard to play along with. It sounds more like an unintentional grammatical error than intentional word-play. In speech, a listener might not understand it at all.

^{* The figure of speech is called catachresis, but the word "catachresis" is not well known.}