Learn English – GRE – Primary purpose of the passage about The Life of Charlotte Bronte

The answer is definitely C.

The author of this passage describes Gaskell's writing using language that implies it is erroneous. "Romantic", "portrayed", the implication that a person could spring forth like a plant... all of it implies that the view is inaccurate and outdated.

Elizabeth Gaskell promoted the long-persisting romantic view of Bronte as having no connection with the rest of English society at a time when industrialization was causing much turbulence, but as having sprung naturally, like so much purple heather, out of the English countryside.

Romantic

When you describe something as being "romantic", when you're not talking about a date with your favorite person, you're saying that the view is idealistic and unrealistic. It means that the view is what one expects it to be but implies that it does not reflect reality.

• "Romantic ideas and people are not practical or related to real life"
• "Of, characterized by, or suggestive of an idealized view of reality."

Portrayed

Alone, "portrayed" doesn't necessarily discredit this work but we often use "portrayed" to describe an author of fiction's writing about their characters or an actor's interpretation of a character.

Metaphor

The way that the author of this passage makes Gaskell's opinions seem absurd - specifically the idyllic metaphor contrasted with the description of the real turmoil going on at the time:

"a time when industrialization was causing much turbulence, but as having sprung naturally, like so much purple heather, out of the English countryside."

So, together, these three things work to discredit Gaskell's view in light of a more reasonable on since espoused by other historians:

Arnold sees evidence in Bronte's writing that calls into question the veracity of Gaskell's assertion:

Gaskell also portrayed Bronte as irreproachably proper, incapable of "unladylike” feelings or dangerous views; this was at variance with the subversive spirit Matthew Arnold accurately discerned, albeit with distance, deep within Bronte's fiction.

And feminists, too, have shown a different side, eschewing these old interpretations.

Feminist have introduced new interpretations of Bronte's life.

Finally, the essay talks about Barker's new version of Bronte's life which includes and accepts that Bronte may not have been the person Gaskell claimed.

it is primarily Juliet Barker who takes into account the larger world that impinged on that life-- the changing England in which old divisions of class and gender were under pressure.

The answer, therefore, is C

C discuss a change in perspective on Charlotte Bronte’s life

There used to be a belief that Bronte was an innocent, romantic fully above the realities of the world she lived in, to a new view of her as having more depth in her writing and being a woman of her time.

So, we've talked about why it's C. Why is it not B?

Well, let's look:

B defend a particular view of Charlotte Bronte’s life

You argue that the essay is defending Gaskell's view. I hope that I've explained that it's not in a way that's clear. Please let me know if I have not.

Now, another answer claims that this essay is actually defending Barker's view by discrediting the older version of history. The problem in this is twofold.

Firstly, the essay says nearly nothing about what Barker actually writes. It's difficult to defend something if you don't explain it. Discrediting someone else's point of view does not "defend" yours. All it does is discredit that point of view. If B read "Discredit a particular view of Charlotte Bronte's life", I would 100% agree with that and pick it as the answer - but it says "defend", not "discredit".

Secondly, the essay uses at least two if not three sources to show the changing opinion - Arnold, "feminists" as a group, and "feminists" specifically in the person of Barker. There's no one view being defended.