In U.S. English, the simplest way would be to ask
What time does she get off work?
A shade more formal would be
What time does she usually leave work?
or
What time does she usually leave for the day?
In the latter, the work context would be understood. Don't use it if there could be some confusion.
Here's one way to ask involving the word stay:
How late does she usually stay [at work]?
Be careful, though, because any of these might be construed by the listener as evidence that you may be nosy at least, and possibly a stalker. So unless you're checking up on this woman as a job applicant, the prudent course would be to ask her yourself.
addendum for OP
You asked where you should place the until in your constructions. Presumably you're wondering whether you should avoid putting it at the end of the sentence. The answer is: don't avoid that. While some pedants will wince at this, they really don't have a leg to stand on. See this accepted answer on ELU to the same question. (TL;DR: This is a rule made up hundreds of years ago by fussbudgets who determined, against all usage evidence to the contrary, that English should behave more like Latin.)
Therefore you should feel no qualms about asking
What time does she work till?
or
What time does she work until?
But since English is pretty flexible, you could also easily say
Until what time does she work?
But for my money, that sounds a little more formal, even stilted.
Note that till and until are pretty much interchangeable here. See this related discussion on till and until on ELU.
Best Answer
In short, informal interactions, such as with a cashier, it's perfectly fine to respond with one word. Or, you don't need to use a proper sentence with a subject and a verb:
If you need to specify, again, you can be brief:
If you want to use a preposition, you can use with. In my AmE opinion, you cannot use *by with cash or card:
This is generally short for I will pay with cash/my card, or in response to "Will you pay with cash or card?"
BrE users are saying "by card" works form them:
It wasn't mentioned in the OP and I completely forgot, but @JeremyC points out that you can say by check/cheque:
I think on my card is okay in a few cases:
I agree with @J.R. Charge it to my card sounds better to me.