In American English, we don't normally write dates that way, but instead write and say with the month first — even if it's written day first, we'd still usually pronounce it month first. So "27 July" becomes "July twenty-seventh".
I believe other dialects usually, but not always, include the article before the day when putting the day before the month, so "[the] twenty-seventh [of] July". It will be understandable no matter which way you say it, but it's safer to use the slightly longer form to avoid sounding awkward in places that aren't that terse.
Technically "pale" refers to the saturation of the color, and "light/dark" refers to luminance, or the perceived brightness.
In AmE usage however, light can also mean a color that is not intense. I can't think of an instance where pale could be used for a color that is intense but light (or bright).
As I mentioned in my comment, in general conversation, you can use pale or light interchangeably when referring to a color and be understood. If the register is more formal and you're writing for a UK English audience, you should follow the advice in your book just to be certain your phrasing won't seem odd.
For each of the examples below, I went to DuckDuckGo.com and searched for images that matched the term. I had success with each color except for pale dark green - I ended up searching for "pale dark green" fabric to find an image where the color filled the frame. I picked from the first few results the ones I felt were distinct enough to show the difference. There is not a definite line where we can say "this green is pale to everyone who looks at it". Click on the image to see the original sized image.
This is both a light green and a pale green:
This is a light green but not a pale green:
This is bright green (both light in luminance and intense in color):
This is a pale dark green (might also be called gray-green):
This is a dark green (not pale This color is often called emerald or emerald green):
Best Answer
In UK English noun nought does mean zero. This is different from naught, which means nothing. In US English they are spelling variants of the same word, and naught is the more standard usage for both meanings.
When reading a number out loud many English speakers will say o (pronounced owe) as in the letter O when meaning the digit zero.
So: "room 702" is often said "Room Seven O(we) Two" while "Seven Zero Two" is also used. I don't believe I've ever heard someone say "Seven Nought Two". Similarly O(we) is used when reading out phone numbers, though my preference is to use zero when stating my own phone number.
But I think I hear "dial zero for the operator" far more frequently than "dial O(we) for operator."