Learn English – Hurrah or Hooray

In the U.S., at least, either "laundry" or "wash" would convey your meaning. I think "laundry" is more commonly used. Either can mean the clothes themselves, or a place or state where clothes go for the cleaning process.

"Please put your dirty clothes in the laundry."

"Please put your dirty clothes in the wash."

"I put the laundry in the washing machine."

"Sally folded the laundry."

"Put the laundry away."

But once you put it in the drawer or hang it in the closet, it's not laundry any more; it's just clothes!

Not exactly. I have a good temper or I am good-tempered means that I don't get angry easily; if I have a bad temper or am bad-tempered it means the opposite. (Also, if I lose my temper it means that I get angry when I tried not to; if I keep my temper it means that I managed not to lose it, despite being provoked.)

Now, I'm in a good mood (note that we don't say I have a good mood) means that I'm feeling happy at present; I'm in a bad mood means the opposite. Also, a person who is moody is someone whose mood changes easily, from good to bad and back again.

So, a person's mood (the mood that a person is in) is how they feel at a given time, whereas a person's temper is how they control their anger in general.