Learn English – I would rather die than for this to happen

I am guessing that your question is not about the meaning, or the hyperbole, but about the grammar.

The answer is, yes, it is odd; but yes, it is natural.

When the subject is the same, you get the pattern you would expect, with two parallel finite verbs:

I would rather die than go to Lancashire.

When there are two explicit subjects, that can't be used, and there is no way to attach a normal clause after "than". But we can attach a clause that behaves like a noun phrase, and there are two constructions which are used. A "that" clause:

I would rather die than that he should succeed.

and a "for" construction:

I would rather die than for him to succeed.