Learn English – if you didn’t understand vs if you hadn’t understood

past-perfectpast-simplepresent-tense

I'm trying to make a sentence. However, I'm a little bit confused about the right tense here.

How you can find a solution if you hadn't understood the problem.

It should be written in the past perfect because you have to understand the problem first then you can find a solution for that.

How you can find a solution if you didn't understand the problem.

Or should be written in the simple past form, just because!

how you can find a solution if you don't understand the problem.

Or even simple present because it is a fact.

Please let me know if there is a better way to rewrite this sentence.

Best Answer

These are conditions:

If you do not understand the problem...

If you did not understand the problem...

If you had not understood the problem...

each referring to a particular time.

The present tense can be used to refer to general truths (or questions that resolve to a general truth):

Fish live in water.

If you do not understand a problem, you cannot solve it.

If you do not understand a problem, how can you solve it?

The past perfect would be used in conjunction with another past tense, because you're emphasizing a sequence of events in the past:

How did you solve the problem (on the exam yesterday) when you had not understood it (during our study group's pre-exam review)?

You could also ask:

How have you managed to solve the problem when you did not understand it?

using the present perfect and the simple past.

The problem-solving there is understood to be current or very recent, and the lack of understanding predated the solving.

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