In addition to the issues regarding proper nouns mentioned in this question and its answers, there are some usage notes specific to the words you've asked about.
Home
I'm going home.
The speaker is going to their home.
I'm going to a home.
"A home" would be usually be interpreted as some sort of assisted living facility. A person with mental illness or an elderly individual may be put "in a home".
I'm going to the home.
I would not know what to make of this sentence. The home? Which home? What category of homes are we talking about that I would automatically know to which one you're referring? You mean your home? The home you put your grandfather in? What?
School
I'm going to school.
If the speaker appears to be leaving and heading elsewhere, then I would conclude that they are on their way to the school that they attend.
If the speaker is staying put, then I would take this to mean that they are enrolled in classes at a school.
I'm going to a school.
I would probably take this to mean that the speaker is enrolled in classes, but would find the phrasing a bit odd. I would likely ask them which school.
I'm going to the school.
Similar to 'home'. Which school? What are you talking about?
Perhaps this would make sense if there was a particular school that was obvious from context. You might also say this if you were going to a school building for a reason other than going to classes, in order to emphasize that distinction.
Airport
I'm going to airport.
This is definitely wrong, unless the speaker was actually referring to some place named 'Airport', like a bar or club.
My first instinct would be to ask if that was a street name.
I'm going to an airport.
This would be an odd thing to say, but would be understandable. It's odd, because one rarely wants to go to just any airport. It's not like a supermarket where you can find pretty the same stuff whichever one you go to. You need to go to the airport which has the flight for which you have tickets.
Maybe someone might say this if going to any airport fulfilled some interesting criteria, like maybe the first time they had been to any airport, or some fortune teller told them they'd meet their future spouse in an airport.
I'm going to the airport.
This is normally what people say. This is because there is usually only one nearby airport, which almost everyone in the region uses for all of their air travel.
If there were multiple airports nearby that one might potentially use, then you would use the airport's actual name instead.
There isn't any difference between "to wrap" and "to wrap up". The "up" can't even be really logically explained, which is perhaps why some people have not posted an answer. There is no concrete explanation or rule for when to add "up".
It's actually kind of nonsensical, because you're not applying the wrap in an upward direction, motion, or anything of the sort. It actually adds no additional information to the statement and does not change the meaning of anything. It's simply superfluous, unnecessary, and its addition is just a matter of personal preference.
The only additional implied meaning it can have in some situations is the implication of completeness. "Little Jimmy was all wrapped up in his blankets." By adding "up" here, it is loosely implied that Jimmy was entirely wrapped up in his blankets, covering him entirely. However, this does not concretely mean that if "up" was used here, then Jimmy must have been completely covered in his blankets.
Like I said, it's more a matter of personal preference to add "up" here, it doesn't hold any concrete meaning and is most likely technically incorrect, but widely used and acceptable to use.
To address the examples you provided. They are all technically correct/acceptable speech, but
Please wrap the tinfoil around the food.
would be perceived as very robotic. The reason why is because you're being very explicit with this sentence, instructing someone not just to wrap the food, but how to wrap the food with "around the food." It's very strict, explicit instruction that doesn't really need to be so explicit unless you are teaching someone how to wrap up food.
Best Answer
From above sentences, second sentence is correct. To know the reason we must aware about the difference.
In general, the word "in" emphasizes the situation of something or someone being inside of something. For example: I am in the library. The cheese is in the refrigerator. There is a mouse in my house.
"Into" emphasizes the action of a thing or a person entering or being put inside something. For example: I am walking into the library. He put the cheese into the refrigerator. I saw the mouse creeping into my house.
In your examples we are going to put virus resistance genes into sweet potato because virus resistance genes don't exist in sweet potato and we are going to put/insert in it. If it is already exist we can use 'in'.
Above example is about 'Segmenting', means we are going to separate/divide market in 3 different areas, that's why 'into' could not be replaced by 'in'.