Learn English – It’s time I go to bed vs It’s time I went to bed

I was about to upvote Tromano's answer when I noticed that the OP's examples are both in the positive form. If they had been in the negative:

1. I haven't played soccer for a long time.
2. I haven't played soccer in a long time.

There would be no difference in meaning. If both sentences had been in the Past Simple, there would be no difference in meaning

1. That was the best restaurant I've been to for/in a long time (= a long period has gone past since I went to such a good restaurant).

But the OP's sentences are in the Present Perfect tense, and only the first one is idiomatic. The second is not.

1. I have played soccer for a long time. (RIGHT)
2. I have played soccer in a long time. (WRONG)

The Present Perfect is often used to express a duration of time, an action that began in the past and continues to the present time. To say how long something has continued we use for, to say when the action began we use since.

1. I have played soccer for twenty years (=I have played this sport for a total of 20 years)

2. I have played soccer since 1998 (=I started playing the sport in 1998 and I have not stopped playing)

Cambridge dictionaries defines this meaning of time as

time

noun (PERIOD) a particular period of time for which something has been happening, or that is needed for something

• After a time, it became clear that nobody was interested in coming to the meetings.
• They stayed with us for a short time.
• That was the best restaurant I've been to for/in a long time (= a long period has gone past since I went to such a good restaurant).
• It was some time ago that I last heard from her.
• We're going on holiday in two weeks' time

They're right. If you want to specify that an event is to take place at a specific time, using the preposition from would be wrong. Your example containing from does sound strange and, what's more, unnatural. No one would ever say something like that. With time, the preposition that we tend to use most often would be at. For example:

We will meet at 2 o'clock at the hot dog stand. So, I'll see you there.

You would use the construction from ... to ... (notice that it's two prepositions, not one) to specify the duration of an event (how long it lasts, in other words):

The meeting lasted one hour, from 10:00 AM to 11:00 AM.