1 He said, "When I saw them they were cooking food".
A. He said that when he had seen them, they had been cooking food. (my answer)
B. He said that when he saw them they were cooking food. (Answer sheet's answer)
I read a rule saying, we change past indefinite and past continuous into past perfect and past perfect continuous respectively. So why answer A is incorrect?
2 She said to me, " I was thinking of helping her but changed my mind later on".
A. She told me that she had been thinking of helping him but changed her mind later on.
This is given in book. Here, "was" changed to "had been", but "changed" was not in "had changed". Why so?
3 "He also wanted to know what kind of cigarettes we smoked", said Joe.
A. Joe said that he had also wanted to know what kind of cigarettes we had smoked. (My answer)
B. Joe said that he had also wanted to know what kind of cigarettes we smoked.(Answer sheet's answer)
Indirect speech construction of past tense always confuse me. I have seen sometimes it changes tense, but sometimes its not. So I lose marks in my examination. Can you please help with some example in which cases we change the tense or not.
Best Answer
A backshift normally takes place in reported speech, but there are exceptions. This very useful page lists some of the exceptions where no backshift takes place.
For your first sentence, this rule 3 applies.
For your second sentence, rule 2 applies to the second verb, but not the first:
For the third sentence, rule 1 actually could be applied to both verbs. Furthermore, it could apply to what Joe said, because "wanting to know" is actually reported speech. We have three events:
According to rule 1, if a situation is unchanged between two events, a backshift is not required. For "wants/wanted", this depends on whether Joe told the man what kind of cigarettes we smoke: if Joe told him, he no longer wants to know. For "smoke", it depends whether enough time has elapsed for us to maybe switch to a different brand of cigarette.
Looking first at Joe's report to the writer, for the first verb:
For the second verb:
The first reporting gave rise to two possiblilities for each verb, so that's four possible combinations. The same criteria apply when the writer reports what Joe said, so altogether there is a total of 16 possible combinations: obviously, there will be some duplicates.