Learn English – Need help coming with Wh- questions that shows possession “of the” in answer

I think what the page meant by saying "when, where, who" is that the perfect form doesn't go well with expressions suggests a particular time. The example sentences given at the linked page seem to be all about it.

The default past tense is the simple past, as Michael Swan says in his Practical English Usage (§421.4 "In general, the simple past tense is the ‘normal’ one for talking about the past; we use it if we do not have a special reason for using one of the other tenses.")

The perfect forms are needed basically to add the sense of completion to non-finite verbs such as infinitives, participles, and modal verbs. Because such tool exists, it's also used to talk about past events, but it ends up saying 'up until now' ('up until sometime ago' when it's the past perfect). Because it's tenseless by itself, it makes the sense of time vague, thus it has the sense of duration at the same time it conveys the sense of completion.

The use of the perfect forms are more to do with meaning than tense. Grammar books usually says it's one of tense form, but actually it's not about tense. Linguists call it 'aspect'.

The perfect form goes well with expressions like already, recently, just, since, ever, never. But it doesn't go well with expressions of particular point of time, when, such as yesterday.

I've read something more relevant to the OP's question, in the same M. Swan's PEU:

§457.1 (...) we usually prefer a past tense when we identify the person, thing or circumstances responsible for a present situation (because we are thinking about the past cause, not the present result). Compare:
Look what John's given me! (thinking about the gift)
Who gave you that? (thinking about the past action of giving)

Also

PEU §456.5
We normally use the present perfect to announce news. But when we give more details, we usually change to a past tense.
There has been a plane crash near Bristol. Witnesses say that there was an explosion as the aircraft was taking off, ...

Only the first sentence is correct English:

Iran is supporting the Palestinians, Lebanese, Syrians... but what makes these countries terrorists?

The reason why only the first sentence is correct and the other two are wrong has to do with the fact that for makes to work (which is the third-person singular form of the verb to make) it needs a subject and what is fulfilling the role of that subject (a complete sentence requires a subject and a predicate). Actually, what in this case is a pronoun no different from any other English pronoun we've all come to love: he, she, it, you, we, they et cetera. The only difference is that it's a special kind of pronoun known as an interrogative pronoun (they're used for making questions while the regular ones are not). So, saying:

What keeps you up at night?

is grammatically the same thing as saying:

He keeps you up at night.

The only difference as noted above is that what turns the sentence it's in into a question.

But what about the following example you might ask:

What does this word mean?

Here, the situation is different because now what is no longer the subject of the sentence. this word has stolen the role of the subject and that entailed the necessary changes in grammar.