Learn English – “other than” vs “except”

Indeed, "all without" is the worst option here. It isn't technically incorrect, but it doesn't sound right and you would never hear or see anybody use it in this context.

"All but" is the second best option, but still it doesn't fit this context that well. You could use it, but it still doesn't sound completely right.

"All except" is, without a doubt, the best and most fitting option. Since you are filtering something out, you're leaving it out - "all except" works the best here.

While both are synonymous, faulty can be freely used where the problems were not due to the manufacturer, while defective may carry the idea that the manufacturer had a hand in causing the problem.

Consider your transmitter examples. A faulty transmitter is simply one that isn't working properly. Something might have broken due to mishandling, or the manufacturer might not have calibrated something properly. Objectively, it could also be called a defective transmitter, but in practice, calling it defective can imply that the problem stems from the time it was put together.