Learn English – Past action but present perfect

I think what the page meant by saying "when, where, who" is that the perfect form doesn't go well with expressions suggests a particular time. The example sentences given at the linked page seem to be all about it.

The default past tense is the simple past, as Michael Swan says in his Practical English Usage (§421.4 "In general, the simple past tense is the ‘normal’ one for talking about the past; we use it if we do not have a special reason for using one of the other tenses.")

The perfect forms are needed basically to add the sense of completion to non-finite verbs such as infinitives, participles, and modal verbs. Because such tool exists, it's also used to talk about past events, but it ends up saying 'up until now' ('up until sometime ago' when it's the past perfect). Because it's tenseless by itself, it makes the sense of time vague, thus it has the sense of duration at the same time it conveys the sense of completion.

The use of the perfect forms are more to do with meaning than tense. Grammar books usually says it's one of tense form, but actually it's not about tense. Linguists call it 'aspect'.

The perfect form goes well with expressions like already, recently, just, since, ever, never. But it doesn't go well with expressions of particular point of time, when, such as yesterday.

I've read something more relevant to the OP's question, in the same M. Swan's PEU:

§457.1 (...) we usually prefer a past tense when we identify the person, thing or circumstances responsible for a present situation (because we are thinking about the past cause, not the present result). Compare:
Look what John's given me! (thinking about the gift)
Who gave you that? (thinking about the past action of giving)

Also

PEU §456.5
We normally use the present perfect to announce news. But when we give more details, we usually change to a past tense.
There has been a plane crash near Bristol. Witnesses say that there was an explosion as the aircraft was taking off, ...

A might have asked the question in the Present Perfect because of today. When the period of time we are talking about is not over, we use the Present Perfect:

How much have you done today?

I haven't done anything special this year.

But if we consider some period finished and any change is unlikely, we may use the Past Simple talking about that period:

I went to school today. (perhaps, it's said in the evening and, although the day is not over yet, the kid considers it over and he knows he will not go to school on that day anyway)

Have you had lunch yet? - Yes, I had it 30 minutes ago. (again, someone uses the Present Perfect in the question and someone uses the Past Simple in the answer. But in this answer they use "30 minutes ago" and it makes the choice of the tense easier)