The course is scaffolded to help you progress through key cognitive stages of understanding, analysis, application and reflection.
The meaning of "scaffolded" seems to be clear from the context. I think I can paraphrase like this: The course is designed… . Is my understanding correct?
I haven't found "scaffold" as a verb on https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/scaffold and the Collins dictionary says that "to scaffold" means to provide with a scaffold or to support by means of a scaffold, which is related to building.
Best Answer
When a builder builds a house, they need a platform to stand on to reach the higher levels. So they build a scaffold.The scaffold provides support.
Metaphorically a scaffold is various techniques that allow a student to reach a higher level of learning by providing support. For example a teacher may start with "fill in the missing word" exercises. Then move on to short sentences, and end with full paragraphs.
If a course is scaffolded, it means it is designed to give appropriate support at all stages.