Learn English – the difference between “I got stuck” , “I was stuck”, “I’m stuck”

"I'm stuck" (or "I am stuck") is talking about the present. At this specific moment, as you speak, you are trapped, perhaps calling for help.

"I get stuck" is called the "habitual" tense; you're talking about something that has happened in the past and will continue to happen on some sort of regular basis. For example, "I get stuck in the mud every time it rains" means in the past it has happened, and you are predicting that it will continue to happen whenever it rains.

The other two are talking about the past and only the past, but in different forms, and it's a little subtle. "I was stuck" is talking about a past condition, while "I got stuck" is talking about a past event.

"I got stuck" implies you're speaking about a specific moment in the past when this occurred. In a longer form, you might say, "As I was crawling through the tunnel, the rocks shifted, and I got stuck." Or you might say, "I got stuck on the subway because it was so crowded that I couldn't get out at my stop."

"I was stuck" is not talking about a specific moment, but an ongoing condition or situation. "I was stuck in the mud for two hours" -- not the terrible moment of becoming stuck, but the lasting, ongoing effect of that.

English is not strict about which way to phrase this. In most cases, you can use either word, and your audience will understand what you mean. For example, I might say, "I got stuck in a conversation with James." But I might also say "I was stuck in a conversation with James." Both make sense, and both mean approximately the same thing. The difference is a subtle shading of meaning, where the first emphasizes the moment of becoming trapped in a conversation I don't want to be in, while the second emphasizes the extended, ongoing nature of the conversation.