Learn English – The meaning of “being raised right”

This is not an ordinary English idiom. In fact, Googling the phrase and eliminating accidental collocations reveals only one other instance across the entire internet, this drawn from a piece of fan-fiction romance:

Each kiss they shared was like an emblem stamped across their bodies, every movement of their hands a cartographer mapping out a region peak by valley.

I can only suppose that this is a twist on the conventional construction "X by X", meaning "working from one X (of many) to the next", as when you examine a list "item by item" or build a house "brick by brick".

The fan-fiction author varies varies this by referring to a series of pairs: peaks and valleys = ups and downs = periods of rest and periods of excitations.

I suspect your author means something similar; but he obscures this by aligning the expression with singular the everyday and the unfamiliar. It would be clearer (but not necessarily much better) if he wrote

... a landscape of ideas that stretches from valley to peak, from the everyday to the wholly unfamiliar.

When you "raise a point", you are bringing up an issue to be discussed. After someone has raised a point, you can refer to it as "the point [that has been] raised."

One possible sense of take is consider, as in "take, for example, the lowly worm." (You are not being asked to physically acquire a worm, but to think about some aspect of it.)

Thus, when you want others to examine the issue that someone brought up, you can ask them to "take the point raised".