- Anyone touching this wire will get a shock.
I know here the participle clause means 'anyone who touches this wire..'.
My question is, if I'd use perfect participles(having touched) instead of touching,
like,
- Anyone having touched this wire will get a shock.
what does here having touched mean?
( Does it mean like,'Anyone who has touched this wire.. or After anyone has touched this wire he(she) will get a shock.?)
Best Answer
RULE OF THUMB: Use the perfect only if the sense may be paraphrased as a relative clause with a perfect in the tense corresponding to the Reference Time (RT) of your sentence:
You should not use a perfect here, because that names an event happening at any time before getting the shock; it would imply, for instance, that if I touched the wire yesterday I will get a shock today or tomorrow!
But in these cases the perfect is acceptable, because the prior purchase might have occurred at any time prior to the refund: