Is it okay to use 'Having been+third form' as the reduction of Passive Relative Clause in Simple Past Tense in order to put more emphasis?
The actor who was chosen for the role is looking for a suitable costume now
The actor chosen for the role is looking for a suitable costume now
Is this reduction correct?
The actor having been chosen for the role is looking for a suitable costume now
(more emphasis on the action of 'being chosen' ?)
and what about these sentences? are they correct?
The singers who have been selected for the contest are going to rehearse today.
The singers having been selected for the contest are going to rehearse today.
Only the contestants who had been considered adequate got the right to compete in the finals.
Only the contestants having been considered adequate got the right to compete in the finals
Can you make a full explanation about where to use 'having been+third form' ? can we say 'whenever we use present perfect or past perfect' ?
Best Answer
In a word, no—because BE having been VERBPaPpl is not a valid English construction.
(In what follows, * marks the following utterance as ungrammatical.)
There is a very strict rule governing the sequence of auxiliary verbs, one piece of which is that auxiliary HAVE cannot be cast in the progressive construction. We cannot, for instance, say
(Lexical HAVE can be cast in the progressive—okI am having a good time—but auxiliary HAVE cannot.)
The sort of reduction you're talking about is called 'Whiz reduction': it involves deleting a wh= relativizer and a following form of BE:
Consequently, your proposed sentences represent 'Whiz-reduction' of illegitimate unreduced forms:
You can, however, use having been VERBPaPpl in contexts where preceding BE is not implied—typically as a supplemental participle clause:
In this case having is not a component of a progressive construction but an ordinary present participle. The clause having been selected... is not an adjunct ('modifier')—it doesn't just tell you which actor is being talked about. It is a supplement: it makes a separate assertion about the actor. It represents an underlying The actor has been selected, with has cast as a present participle so the clause can be 'attached' to the main clause as a subordinate. The perfect construction indicates that this event, the actor's selection, took place before the action of the main clause.
And this sort of subordinate participle clause can also be moved into the position where you have put it in your rewrites; but it must be 'bracketed off' from the main clause with commas, to mark it as a supplement, not an adjunct: