Typically, only the first verb in each clause can be finite:
I play.
I played.
She plays.
She played.
As you can see, this verb changes form. It shows tense (present or past) and agrees with the subject (adding -s if the subject is third person singular present). This must be our finite verb.
Our example is a declarative clause. To make it into a question, we should turn it into an interrogative clause. And for this sort of sentence, we do that by swapping the subject and auxiliary verb, like this:
She was safe. → Was she safe?
This is called Subject-Auxiliary Inversion (SAI). We use SAI to mark these sentences as questions. And in this case, SAI is possible because we have the auxiliary be.
But what if our example doesn't have an auxiliary verb? Let's look at our example from earlier:
I play.
I played.
She plays.
She played.
We can't swap the subject and auxiliary verb if we don't have one! Let's solve that problem by adding the meaningless ("dummy") auxiliary do:
I do play.
I did play.
She does play.
She did play.
Now we've got two verbs! And only the first can be finite. In this case, that means do! And as you can see, do now changes form, but play doesn't! That's because play is no longer finite.
Now we can make it into a question. So, let's do Subject-Auxiliary Inversion again, moving the auxiliary before the subject I:
Do I play?
Did I play?
Does she play?
Did she play?
These questions are formed correctly. But what about your example?
*Does she plays?
It doesn't work! Why not? Because we'd have two finite verbs.
In this answer, the * symbol marks a sentence as ungrammatical, and bold in examples marks a verb as finite.
Best Answer
To make questions in English, we invert word order, and this is easily when we are already using a verb that inverts easily, most likely a modal verb, to be, or to have.
But most verbs don't readily invert, and as such we use the auxiliary form of to do to make questions (or negations).
The only verb(s) that get conjugated within a clause are the first, or the ones that tie directly to the subject and not another verb.
This is the same case for questions. The auxiliary verb "to do" is tied to the subject in typical questions and as such is the conjugated verb, the verb that would normally be tied to the subject is tied then to "to do".
And, as such: