It's basically the same as your other question and its answer.
In all your examples here, at indicates an instantaneous event (not related to anything leading up to that event) had an effect; from indicates that the effect stemmed from an existing or long-standing condition.
I became hungry at the smell of the cookies.
The smell of the cookies reached you and you became hungry (instantaneous).
I was exhausted from working all day.
Working all day is a long-standing condition, not instantaneous.
I got excited at the sight of her face.
You saw her face and in an instant became excited.
The last one is more interesting:
I'm broke from having spent all my money at the bar.
Although you could have spent all your money in one transaction, so that you instantaneously became penniless, the use of the continuous having spent means that the state of penury has continued since that time. Consequently you use from.
You could even make a more ambiguous case with
I'm broke from all the expenditure I incurred.
But the same analysis applies: you incurred all the expenditure, and an hour later you had still incurred all that expenditure. It's not the same as suddenly seeing someone or smelling cookies.
When asking any question indirectly, you must use sentence order and not question order.
So in the first example option 1 is correct, and in the second, option 2 is correct. This applies to both speaking and writing. (It is possible, however, in writing, perhaps in an interview write-up to do something like this: "He asked the President, "Where the hell are we?")
To make it easier to understand, think about an indirect question. That is, 2 questions combined into one.
Do you know?
Plus
Where is the bank?
When we combine the two, we will end up with one question (Do you know?) and the second will become "the details" which we can't phrase in question order.
Do you know where the bank is?
Question | Details
Best Answer
Do from is an ‘Indianism’, so use of this phrase must be referred to speakers of that dialect.
In Standard English† we use at with the verb do; the preposition phrase names the place where the work was performed:
We use from in this context with receive; the preposition phrase names the entity which conferred the gift:
In ordinary speech, however, we use the verb get, which may take either preposition phrase (though at is probably more common)
With do we use at;
In a question, no preposition at all is needed, whichever verb you use:
†By “Standard English” I mean English usage which will pass unnoticed with any educated native speaker—appropriate to its register and not dialectal, foreign, antiquated, or precious.