I want to know what are these abbreviations existed in the picture referring to, and want their names to read about?
" cp, ip, ti, ap, …etc"
Learn English – What are these symbols and abbreviations “CP, IP, Ti, Ap” called
syntaxterminology
Related Solutions
Braces: (also known as curly brackets, or curly braces)
Yes, they are the same thing.
And, actually, there are many names for it. According to Wikipedia,
{ }— braces (UK and US), flower brackets (India), French brackets, curly brackets, definite brackets, swirly brackets, curly braces, birdie brackets, Scottish brackets, squirrelly brackets, gullwings, seagulls, squiggly brackets, Tuborg brackets (DK), accolades (NL), pointy brackets, or fancy brackets
Your indicated keys, plus the three above and to the right of your indicated keys and the shifted version of the top row all generate "punctuation" characters. Keyboard keys are generally referred to by the default character they represent (rather than any shifted alternatives).
The ones you've specifically marked are...
; is the Semi-Colon Key
' is the Quote Key
, is the Comma Key
. is the Period Key
/ is generally called the Slash Key, but the more accurate name is front slash or forward slash to differentiate it from backslash \. This is particularly relevant when dealing with computers. In many cases, they are not interchangeable - URLs to web pages use front slash, while path names in Windows use backslash.
The first one on your list is one of the oddball exceptions1, because it's not commonly used in English. People with more exposure to languages where tilde is used will call it that, while people with more exposure to languages that use the grave accent will call it that (or just accent). Programmers and Linux users are likely to call it backquote or backtick. Then again... many people don't know what to call it at all, so "the one in the corner with the curvy thing" and "squiggle" are disappointingly common.
It all changes for a keyboard and/or system configured for something other than en-US QWERTY. In Windows computers set up for other languages (plus Macs set for just about any language and some Linux configurations, too), many of the individual keys can generate even more characters than are shown on the keys by pressing the key in conjunction with Alt or AltGr (AltGr isn't present on most en-US keyboards).
There's a difference between talking about "typing a character" and "pressing a key". For example, you type 4 by pressing 4, while you type $ by pressing SHIFT and 4. Regardless of whether the desired character is 4 or $, you "press the 4 Key". There is no "$ Key", typing that character requires multiple keys.
1Get used to oddball exceptions; English is full of them.
Best Answer
These are the names of standard constituents in X' (X-bar) notation:
CP - Complementizer Phrase ... This particular flavor of X' theory treats the 'fronted' auxiliary as a CP. I don't much care for the name, but the notion that any clause has a 'complementizer' which plays much the same role as a Determiner in a Noun Phrase can be useful.
IP - Inflection Phrase ... This is the 'root' of a predicate, the constituent which bears inflection for tense and agreement.
ti - Trace, co-indexed by the subscript i with the fronted auxiliary ... This is the 'gap' left behind when the auxiliary 'moves' out of the IP into the CP position.
This particular version, with the duplicated trace, is unfamiliar to me. If anybody wants to chip in and explain it, please do!
VP - Verb Phrase ... A constituent composed of a verb and its dependents.
AP - Adjective Phrase ... A constituent composed of an adjective and its dependents.
I have no idea why Mary isn't labeled as an NP (which is sort of like a Noun Phrase except different). Perhaps your source is stripping out labels that don't bear on whatever point is being treated immediately.
The bracket notation is a space-saving way of recording syntactic structure; you can plug it into a tree drawer (without the duplicate ti)and get this:
Scores of books have been written about this approach to syntactic analysis; if it interests you there are very good sites