Learn English – When the contraction can’t be used

contractionsusage

Accidentally I've come up with a sentence where the contraction cannot be used, here it is:

*I can't tell you how excited I'm.

Obviously, any other sentence with similar structure (i.e. having a contraction of the verb be at the end of the sentence) falls prey to this as well.

I was wondering if there are other cases where the corresponding contraction (not necessarily of the verb be) cannot be used?

Best Answer

When we use an auxiliary verb without any other verbs or complements, we say that that auxiliary verb has been STRANDED. This is usually because we know the listener can userstand what other parts of the verb phrase are missing:

  • Can you open it?
  • Yes, I can! [means "Yes, I can open it"]

Sometimes it is because the complements of the verb have been preposed. This is normally because they are part of a wh- phrase that has moved to the front of the sentence. This is what has happened in the Original Poster's example, where the wh- phrase has moved to the front of the exclamative clause:

  • I can't tell you how excited I am [ this excited.]

When an auxiliary is stranded it must have its strong form. That means it must have a full vowel. Often, but not always, it will be stressed. We can't contract pronouns with auxiliary verbs if the auxiliary has a strong form.

  • Are you listening?
  • *Yes, I'm (X)
  • Yes, I am (grammatical)

Edit note: As noted by Ben Kovitz, the verb have doesn't always seem to have a strong form when stranded after a modal verb: /hi kʊd əv/. I don't know why this is, though. And I've never found anyone who does!

Hope this is helpful!

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