Learn English – Which preposition is appropriate with “compensation”

Since there is a question is given ahead of time the appropriate preposition is

in
Choose the inappropriate synonym or antonym that does NOT match with the word in the question.

For example

Q1. happy 1) laughing 2) crying 3) smiling 4) glad

"happy" (the word in the question) is neither "on" nor "of" the question, but "in" Q1.

You can have a

question on something
question of something

but not

something on a question
something of a question

Both "on" and "over" are acceptable prepositions to use with "influence"; however in this context of a scientific experiment, "on" is probably the more idiomatic choice. In most contexts, "on" implies a variable or unknown degree of influence. Example:

This study measured the influence of small concentrations of various environmental contaminants on the mating habits of Columba livia domestica (the common domestic pigeon)

"Over" implies a greater degree of influence, or influence over a wider range. For example:

The senators have repeatedly questioned whether the President has had an undue influence over the investigation.

Here we could use "on", but it would change the meaning, as the writer wants to say that the senators implied the President did improperly influence the investigation.