According to what I learnt, there are short and long adjectives.
Short adjectives: one syllable.
Long adjectives: two / three / four syllables.
All of those short adjectives (one syllable) get suffix of -er or -est in their comparative or superlative grades – correspondingly. (For example: fast, high, low, etc.)
Now my question regarding that are:
1) why is the adjective "wrong" which is one syllable doesn't get -er or -est?
Wiktionary says:
The single-word comparative and superlative forms wronger and wrongest
are no longer in common use, except humorously; rather, the locutions
“more wrong” and “most wrong” are preferred.
2) Are there more examples for one syllable words which behave like the word "wrong"?
In the Cambridge grammar book that I use, they show examples for exceptions for two syllables that can get -er or -est (for example: quieter), but I didn't see that they mention any exception for one syllable rule (that should get -er or -est in the end in the comparative and superlative grades).
Best Answer
Many short (single syllable) adjectives have comparatives and superlatives that follow an -er -est pattern. Not all do.
"Fun" doesn't produce "funner". There doesn't seem to be a reason for this. You can say "more fun" and "the most fun"
"Fore" has as superlative "foremost" and no real comparative. It developed from splitting the prefix "fore" from words like "forebode", "forward", "forecast".
"Back" used to have a comparative "backer", it was dropped by 1500, instead say "further back".
Both "wrong" and "right" are rarely used as "wronger" or "righter".
I don't see a pattern here, so you will need to pick up experience of which adjectives do have a "-er" and "-est" form.