Is there a single word to describe a being that is both Sentient and Sapient, but not necessarily “Human”? (Associated example scenarios and usage at end)
This word would be able to describe some being (such as an alien) that is visually and physically extremely different from a human but has a mind and a ability to think & communicate to a similar degree to a human. Alternatively, a word to describe an exceedingly intelligent dolphin, or the result of putting a human brain into a dinosaur’s body.
Simply saying “Human” or “Humanlike” is too broad and does not distinguish between sharing humanlike physical traits or humanlike mental traits. While “Anthropomorphic” can mean both physical and/or mental traits, it is most often used to describe the physical half of “Humanlike”, similar to "Humanoid". Does such a word to describe distinctly just the mental half of “Humanlike” exist?
The word should also not directly relate to Humans by not requiring similarity to specifically the mind of Homo sapiens. Thus "Human-minded" is too specific (similar to Anthropomorphic or Humanoid comparing things to humans specifically).
Just one of the words “Sentient” or “Sapient” alone would be insufficient to describe such a being.
“Sentient” is the ability to feel or perceive, allowing to think and experience emotions. This would necessarily include consciousness.
“Sapient” is the capacity for intelligence, wisdom, and logic along with the ability to solve problems, learn, and understand.
This would almost necessarily include self-awareness.
Examples:
-A single-celled bacterium does not think, feel, and certainly can not learn or make choices. It is neither sentient nor sapient.
-An ostrich experiences basic emotions and reacts to things around them so it is sentient, but its actions are predominantly driven by instinct and it does not understand why it does things nor does it care (it is not intelligent) so it is not sapient.
-A sufficiently complex AI that can learn and develop beyond its original programming, take in and analyze data about its experiences, and recognize patterns then adapt to use is sapient. Lacking consciousness, senses, or emotions it is not sentient.
-A dolphin can exhibit various emotions and moods, learn names and routines, develop relationships, develop skills to solve puzzles faster, and much more. It is sentient and is (at least very near) sapient.
A word that combines both Sentient and Sapient could appropriately describe the mental state of a human or aforementioned humanlike being without regard for any form of physical state or direct similarity to humans.
Examples: (using "SENSAP" as pertinent single word meaning simultaneously Sentient and Sapient)
-A human is SENSAP.
-A ostrich is not SENSAP since it is not sapient.
-An advanced AI in a mechanical human-looking body (Data from Star Trek without Emotion Chip) is not SENSAP since it is not sentient.
-"They may look like giant long-limbed crocodiles, but these aliens are impressively SENSAP. I recently had an enlightening chat with one about the planet's habitable polar environments and he got very upset when I jokingly suggested the planet was flat."
This alien is both sapient and sentient thus it is SENSAP. However its appearance is distinctly non-human; thus words like "Humanlike", "Humanoid", or "Anthropomorphic" would not be appropriate to describe them.
Best Answer
As the question is about science fiction and terminology, neologisms would be acceptable; and neologisms are abundant in science fiction. There isn't an established word for this concept. A self-explanatory word that came to my mind was sapiosentient which is a portmanteau of sapient and sentient; and it is similar to a more established neologism sapiosexual. To my surprise, sapiosentient (or sapio-sentient) was already coined before and there are a few results per google search, including a website name.
Here is the definition of sapio-sentient used in an article from Hardvard University library:
Sophont was suggested in the comments by Jeff Zeitlin, but I think its usage is not consistent to cover both sapient and sentient; and the definitions just focus on intelligence. Here is the definition from Wiktionary: