Early on that word of course was used to talk about the action of cleaning something off with a garden hose, but that is not the meaning you are asking about. I do not recall ever hearing that term used with that meaning before the 80's. What happened in the 80's?
Well, SCTV had a very funny (to us USAsians) skit with a couple of stereotypical Canadians called the McKenzie Brothers. They were constantly calling each other "hosers", and talking about how they had "hosed" each other. The skit went the 80's equivalent of viral, with an album (with a couple of singles that got good airplay) and a movie spun off it. The effect was that we (in the USA) got "hoser" added to the language as sort of a good-natured insult, or a way to make fun of Canadian speech.
Along with it, we borrowed the verb and adverb forms of "hosed" from the same source. Its a much more useful word, so it kinda lost its association with Canadians, and got fully adopted into the USA lexicon.
So where did Canadians come up with these words? That's where personal experience fails me, so I have to rely on online sources:
Like the very similar term hosehead, the term may have referred to
farmers of the Canadian prairies, who would siphon gas from farming
vehicles with a hose during the Great Depression of the
1930s.[citation needed] The expression has since been converted to the
verb 'to hose' as in to trick, deceive, or steal - for example: "That
card-shark sure hosed me." Hosed has an additional meaning of becoming
drunk - for example: "Let's go out and get hosed." Another possible
origin is derived from hockey slang. Before ice resurfacers, the
losing team in a hockey game would have to hose down the rink after a
game. Thus the term "hoser" being synonymous with "loser".
Personally I prefer the hockey explanation, but that doesn't make it right.
Currently the OED says there is no clear evidence of the term being used prior to its use by Rick Moranis and Dave Thomas, which to my mind leaves a strong possibility that they may have invented the slang themselves (although they are both Canadian, so they could well just be the first to record an existing slang).
To step into someone is to take a step uncomfortably close to them. It is frequently encountered in sports as a strategy to limit an opponent's freedom of motion or to recover initiative from an opponent with longer reach.
Zezel, a former pro soccer player, would often tie up his man's stick, step into him and kick the puck back to his winger. This is the type of play the creative center must learn to master if he is going to consistently control the faceoff. - hockeyshot.com, "How to Win Faceoffs"
You have options when you’re being defended aggressively in the post. The defender will often work to move you away from your comfort zone on the low block. Try any of the following strategies to create a seal down low:
. . . Face the defense: Turn and face your defensive man and step into him with one foot between his two feet. Turn and pivot, putting your butt into him to seal him off. - basketball.isport.com, "Effective Low Post Moves in Basketball"
The coach said to me, 'listen, keep up the pressure on this young boy. This boy is strong and he could move. So, you have to cut the ring off on him and step into him, and that is what I did. - Jamaica Observer, "Spencer too strong for overmatched Bowen"
Deakins is advising the detective to "get up close and personal" with the suspect, to press him closely with his questioning and give him no opportunity to put himself at an emotional or discursive "distance" from the detective's attack.
Best Answer
Although the Merriam-Webster definition doesn't actually mention it, blurt out is a common form.
OP's specific context ("You say XXX") doesn't match any standard English expression. There are various slangy versions of "You talk / You're talking XXX" (where XXX may be rubbish, rot, crap, [bull]shit, bollocks, etc.). But they all focus on the idea that what you're saying is worthless, rather than that you're speaking without thinking.
Possibly "You're talking out of your ass" might come close to "without thinking", since to some extent it's modelled on "You're talking off the top of your head".