Just now I was walking my dogs down S St. in Sacramento. We were gaining on a woman walking in front of us, when she turned around to see who was behind her.
"Sorry," I said. "We aren't going to run you down."
She smiled. "No, it's just that I heard this jingling behind me, and it was getting closer. But they aren't menacing," she said, referring to my dogs.
"Well, sometimes they are. But they're in a good mood right now."
Was my last statement entirely accurate?
Certainly it was crystal clear to my interlocutor and me—both of whom, if it isn't obvious, are fluent English speakers—but was there a logical and/or grammatical looseness in my language that we both tolerated, or was I, strictly speaking, correct?
Let me restate my question: In saying that my dogs were in "a good mood," did I imply that they were in a single good mood? What I meant to imply is that each of the dogs was in a good mood—which may or may not have been exactly the same good mood.
Consider the following phrase offered by user WS2 in the comments:
Hilda and Charles were both in good moods this morning.
Therefore, should I have said my dogs were in "good moods," leaving open that the moods might have been, in a subtle way, different?
Best Answer
Use of 'are in good moods'
Different Google Books searches for "are in good moods" yield different results, depending on time frame chosen and additional words chosen to include with the phrase, but a search specifically for "are in good moods" across the period 1700–2005 turns up only 43 matches. The earliest match I found is from V. S. Srinivasa Sastri, Lectures on the Ramayana, (1961) [combined snippets]:
Another fairly early instance occurs in a twilight-of-the-USSR offering from Andrei Frelov & Lois Becker Frelov, Against the Odds: A True American-Soviet Love Story (1983) [combined snippets]:
Notice the contrast between the fifth sentence ("They are in good moods") and the wording of a comparable construction in the third sentence ("people are often in a bad temper"—rather than, as one might expect from the model of the fifth sentence, "people are often in bad tempers").
Something similar happens in this match from Andrea Henkart & Journey Henkart, Cool Communication: A Mother and Daughter Reveal the Keys to Mutual Understanding Between Parents and Kids (1998):
Here the author switches from "are in good moods" to the more common "are in a good mood," when the discussion shifts from theoretical and general to hypothetical and specific, suggesting that her commitment to "they are in good moods" is less than a wholehearted.
The great majority of the matches are from 2000 or later, starting with Spencer Rathus, Psychology: The Core (2000):
Here, again, "are in good moods" rapidly and unconsciously gives way to "are in a good mood" when the subject shifts from "Empathic observers who" to "we."
Use of 'are in a good mood'
In contrast to the 43 matches it finds for "are in good moods," a Google search over the same period for "are in a good mood" yields 135 matches—meaning that the singular form "a good mood" with are in is about three times as common in the search results as the plural form "good moods" with are in. This form also goes much farther back, with a first occurrence from Robert Wodrow, The History of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland, from the Restauration to the Revolution, volume 2 (1722):
The same idiomatic form appears almost 300 years later in, for example, Barry Babin & Eric Harris, CB 7 (2015):
This appears to be, by a significant margin, the more common way of referring to the good mood(s) of multiple people, though "are in good moods" is not exactly rare.
Emergence of 'in a good mood' as a common expression
The rise of "in a good mood" (red line) as a common idiomatic expression is chiefly a twentieth-century phenomenon, as this Ngram chart for the years 1710–2005 reflects:
In contrast the wording "in good moods" (blue line) is far less frequent. The much greater frequency of "in a good mood" may act against any natural inclination to attribute being "in good moods" to multiple individuals that may each be in a different (but good) mood.